Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam 14424, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 Aug 21;42(16):6593-604. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60067j.
Porous carbons and porous carbon nitrides are well known support materials. Some of these materials are, however, not only a geometric construct for immobilization, enabling mass transport at the same time, but contribute due to their extended electronic structure to a potential catalytic event as such. When appropriate band schemes and electron reactivity are chosen, immobilized metal nanoparticles can exhibit a highly enhanced chemical reactivity. This is due to electronic interaction and electron transfer between the metal and semiconductor, as introduced by Mott and Schottky for planar metal-semiconductor interfaces. A rational choice of mesoporous semiconductor and metal particle allows to create a new generation of catalysts and catalytic schemes with unparalleled performances. This tutorial review highlights the latest development in the synthesis and applications of mesoporous N-doped carbon and carbon nitride supported metal nanoparticles, and concentrates on the catalytic effect of the charge transfer between the metal nanoparticles and semiconductive components.
多孔碳和多孔碳氮化物是众所周知的支持材料。然而，其中一些材料不仅是固定化的几何结构，同时能够实现质量传输，而且由于其扩展的电子结构，本身也有助于潜在的催化事件。当选择适当的能带结构和电子反应性时，固定化的金属纳米粒子可以表现出高度增强的化学活性。这是由于金属和半导体之间的电子相互作用和电子转移，Mott 和 Schottky 曾介绍过平面金属-半导体界面的这种相互作用和电子转移。介孔半导体和金属颗粒的合理选择可以创造出具有无与伦比性能的新一代催化剂和催化方案。本综述强调了介孔 N 掺杂碳和碳氮化物负载金属纳米粒子的合成和应用的最新进展，并集中讨论了金属纳米粒子和半导体组分之间的电荷转移的催化作用。
