Larson-Meyer Enette
University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2013;75:109-21. doi: 10.1159/000345827. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
It is well recognized that vitamin D is necessary for optimal bone health. Emerging evidence is finding that vitamin D deficiency can have a profound effect on immunity, inflammation and muscle function. Studies in athletes have found that vitamin D status varies among different populations and is dependent on skin color, early- or late-day training, indoor training and geographic location. Although dietary assessment studies have found that athletes worldwide do not meet the dietary intake recommendations for vitamin D, the most probable reason for poor status is inadequate synthesis due to lack of sun exposure. Studies in athletic populations suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D status may reduce stress fractures, total body inflammation, common infectious illnesses, and impaired muscle function, and may also aid in recovery from injury. Given that compromised vitamin D status can potentially impact an athlete's overall health and training efficiency, vitamin D status should be routinely assessed so that athletes can be coached to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentration of ≥30 and preferably ≥40 ng/ml. Recommendations will be dependent on the athlete's current 25(OH)D concentration, but can include regular safe sun exposure and/or dietary supplementation combined with increased vitamin D intake.
人们普遍认识到，维生素D对骨骼的最佳健康状况至关重要。新出现的证据表明，维生素D缺乏会对免疫、炎症和肌肉功能产生深远影响。针对运动员的研究发现，不同人群的维生素D水平存在差异，并且取决于肤色、早晚训练时间、室内训练以及地理位置。尽管膳食评估研究发现，全球范围内的运动员都未达到维生素D的膳食摄入建议量，但维生素D水平不佳最可能的原因是由于缺乏阳光照射导致合成不足。针对运动员群体的研究表明，维持充足的维生素D水平可能会减少应力性骨折、全身炎症、常见传染病以及肌肉功能受损，还可能有助于受伤后的恢复。鉴于维生素D水平受损可能会对运动员的整体健康和训练效率产生潜在影响，应定期评估维生素D水平，以便指导运动员将血清25(OH)D浓度维持在≥30 ng/ml，最好≥40 ng/ml。具体建议将取决于运动员当前的25(OH)D浓度，但可包括定期进行安全的阳光照射和/或膳食补充，并增加维生素D的摄入量。
