Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Stem Cells Int. 2013;2013:507301. doi: 10.1155/2013/507301. Epub 2013 May 20.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently defined as multipotent stromal cells that undergo sustained in vitro growth and can give rise to cells of multiple mesenchymal lineages, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. The regenerative and immunosuppressive properties of MSCs have led to numerous clinical trials exploring their utility for the treatment of a variety of diseases (e.g., acute graft-versus-host disease, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and myocardial infarction). On the other hand, conventionally cultured MSCs reflect heterogeneous populations that often contain contaminating cells due to the significant variability in isolation methods and the lack of specific MSC markers. This review article focuses on recent developments in the MSC research field, with a special emphasis on the identification of novel surface markers for the in vivo localization and prospective isolation of murine and human MSCs. Furthermore, we discuss the physiological importance of MSC subtypes in vivo with specific reference to data supporting their contribution to HSC niche homeostasis. The isolation of MSCs using selective markers (combination of PDGFR α and Sca-1) is crucial to address the many unanswered questions pertaining to these cells and has the potential to enhance their therapeutic potential enormously.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）目前被定义为多能基质细胞，它们能够进行持续的体外生长，并能分化为多种间充质谱系的细胞，如脂肪细胞、软骨细胞和成骨细胞。MSCs 的再生和免疫抑制特性导致了许多临床试验，探索它们在治疗多种疾病（如急性移植物抗宿主病、克罗恩病、多发性硬化症、骨关节炎和心血管疾病，包括心力衰竭和心肌梗死）中的应用。另一方面，传统培养的 MSCs 反映了异质群体，由于分离方法的显著变异性和缺乏特定的 MSC 标记物，这些群体通常含有污染细胞。本文综述了 MSC 研究领域的最新进展，特别强调了鉴定新型表面标记物，用于体内定位和前瞻性分离鼠类和人类 MSCs。此外，我们还讨论了 MSC 亚型在体内的生理重要性，并特别参考了支持它们对造血干细胞龛稳态贡献的数据。使用选择性标记物（PDGFRα 和 Sca-1 的组合）分离 MSCs 对于解决与这些细胞相关的许多未解决的问题至关重要，并且有可能极大地提高它们的治疗潜力。
