Delzell John E
University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd Mailstop 4010, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
FP Essent. 2013 Jun;409:11-6.
Asthma is a common respiratory disease that leads to school and work absenteeism, office and emergency department visits, hospitalization, and mortality. Dyspnea and wheezing are caused by airway inflammation. Asthma severity scores are used to predict the risk of exacerbations. Severity assessment instruments include questions about daytime and nighttime symptoms, use of short-acting beta2-agonists, and the effect of symptoms on daily activities. The 4 components of effective asthma management are monitoring, education, control of environmental factors, and pharmacotherapy. Several national quality measures are used to measure asthma care. The National Healthcare Quality & Disparities reports measure use of drugs, routine examinations, smoking cessation, influenza vaccination, emergency department visits, and urgent ambulatory visits. Electronic health records can be used to create asthma registries to identify patients who are at higher risk of exacerbations. Interventions that have been shown to improve asthma outcomes include asthma self-management and education, risk stratification of asthma patients, and improvement of drug adherence. Providing asthma education for patients and family members has been shown to decrease hospitalizations and emergency department visits.
哮喘是一种常见的呼吸系统疾病，可导致旷课、旷工、前往门诊和急诊科就诊、住院以及死亡。呼吸困难和喘息是由气道炎症引起的。哮喘严重程度评分用于预测病情加重的风险。严重程度评估工具包括有关日间和夜间症状、短效β2受体激动剂的使用情况以及症状对日常活动影响的问题。有效哮喘管理的四个组成部分是监测、教育、环境因素控制和药物治疗。有几项国家质量指标用于衡量哮喘护理情况。《国家医疗质量与差异报告》衡量药物使用、常规检查、戒烟、流感疫苗接种、急诊科就诊和紧急门诊就诊情况。电子健康记录可用于创建哮喘登记册，以识别病情加重风险较高的患者。已证明可改善哮喘治疗效果的干预措施包括哮喘自我管理和教育、哮喘患者的风险分层以及提高药物依从性。已证明为患者及其家庭成员提供哮喘教育可减少住院和急诊科就诊次数。
