Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras, Medical School, Patras, Greece.
Schizophr Res. 2013 Aug;148(1-3):105-10. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.031. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke causes chronic fetal hypoxia, dysregulation of endocrine equilibrium, and disruption of fetal neurodevelopment associated with brain malfunction, all of which potentially could induce vulnerability to schizophrenia. A total of 212 schizophrenia patients aged 14-30years, and 212 matched controls were studied. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure of the schizophrenia patients was compared to that of the normal controls by applying logistic regression analysis and controlling for several confounding factors. The outcomes of interest were comparison of the frequency of maternal and paternal smoking between patients and controls, as well as the severity of positive and negative symptoms between the offspring of smoking and nonsmoking parents. Among the mothers of schizophrenia patients and controls, 92 (43.4%) and 46 (21.7%) smoked, respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy had a significant unique contribution on increasing the risk for development of schizophrenia (p=0.001), and a greater severity of negative symptoms (p=0.023). Paternal smoking did not have a significant effect on the risk of schizophrenia, or severity of negative symptoms. The findings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy puts offspring at an increased risk for later schizophrenia, with increased severity of negative symptoms. Given the wide practice of smoking during pregnancy, fetal exposure to tobacco smoke could be a major preventable neurodevelopmental factor that increases vulnerability to schizophrenia.
产前暴露于香烟烟雾会导致慢性胎儿缺氧、内分泌平衡失调以及与大脑功能障碍相关的胎儿神经发育障碍，所有这些都可能导致精神分裂症的易感性。研究了 212 名年龄在 14-30 岁的精神分裂症患者和 212 名匹配的对照者。通过应用逻辑回归分析并控制了几个混杂因素，比较了精神分裂症患者和正常对照者的产前烟草烟雾暴露情况。感兴趣的结果是比较患者和对照者的母亲和父亲吸烟的频率，以及吸烟和不吸烟父母的子女的阳性和阴性症状的严重程度。在精神分裂症患者和对照组的母亲中，分别有 92 名（43.4%）和 46 名（21.7%）吸烟。母亲在怀孕期间吸烟显著增加了患精神分裂症的风险（p=0.001），并且增加了阴性症状的严重程度（p=0.023）。父亲吸烟对精神分裂症的风险或阴性症状的严重程度没有显著影响。这些发现表明，母亲在怀孕期间吸烟会增加后代日后患精神分裂症的风险，并且增加了阴性症状的严重程度。鉴于怀孕期间吸烟的广泛做法，胎儿暴露于烟草烟雾可能是增加精神分裂症易感性的一个主要可预防的神经发育因素。
