Ishibashi Yohei, Kohyama-Koganeya Ayako, Hirabayashi Yoshio
Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Sep;1831(9):1475-85. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.06.001. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Ceramide, cholesterol, and phosphatidic acid are major basic structures for cell membrane lipids. These lipids are modified with glucose to generate glucosylceramide (GlcCer), cholesterylglucoside (ChlGlc), and phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), respectively. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of lipids. For instance, ceramide acts as a strong tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, while GlcCer has an opposite effect, downregulating ceramide activities. All glucosylated lipids are enriched in lipid rafts or microdomains and play fundamental roles in a variety of cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of these three glucosylated lipids.
神经酰胺、胆固醇和磷脂酸是细胞膜脂质的主要基本结构。这些脂质分别与葡萄糖结合修饰，生成葡萄糖神经酰胺（GlcCer）、胆固醇葡萄糖苷（ChlGlc）和磷脂酰葡萄糖（PtdGlc）。糖基化显著改变了脂质的功能特性。例如，神经酰胺作为一种强大的肿瘤抑制因子，可导致细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞，而葡萄糖神经酰胺则具有相反的作用，下调神经酰胺的活性。所有糖基化脂质都富集于脂筏或微结构域中，并在多种细胞过程中发挥重要作用。在本综述中，我们将讨论这三种糖基化脂质的生物学功能和代谢。
