Corvera Silvia, Gealekman Olga
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Mar;1842(3):463-72. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
The growth and function of tissues are critically dependent on their vascularization. Adipose tissue is capable of expanding many-fold during adulthood, therefore requiring the formation of new vasculature to supply growing and proliferating adipocytes. The expansion of the vasculature in adipose tissue occurs through angiogenesis, where new blood vessels develop from those pre-existing within the tissue. Inappropriate angiogenesis may underlie adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, which in turn increases type-2 diabetes risk. In addition, genetic and developmental factors involved in vascular patterning may define the size and expandability of diverse adipose tissue depots, which are also associated with type-2 diabetes risk. Moreover, the adipose tissue vasculature appears to be the niche for pre-adipocyte precursors, and factors that affect angiogenesis may directly impact the generation of new adipocytes. Here we review recent advances on the basic mechanisms of angiogenesis, and on the role of angiogenesis in adipose tissue development and obesity. A substantial amount of data points to a deficit in adipose tissue angiogenesis as a contributing factor to insulin resistance and metabolic disease in obesity. These emerging findings support the concept of the adipose tissue vasculature as a source of new targets for metabolic disease therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
组织的生长和功能严重依赖于其血管形成。脂肪组织在成年期能够进行多倍扩张，因此需要形成新的脉管系统来为生长和增殖的脂肪细胞提供营养。脂肪组织中脉管系统的扩张通过血管生成发生，即新的血管从组织内预先存在的血管发育而来。不适当的血管生成可能是肥胖中脂肪组织功能障碍的基础，进而增加2型糖尿病风险。此外，参与血管模式形成的遗传和发育因素可能决定不同脂肪组织库的大小和可扩展性，这也与2型糖尿病风险相关。此外，脂肪组织脉管系统似乎是前脂肪细胞前体的微环境，影响血管生成的因素可能直接影响新脂肪细胞的生成。在此，我们综述了血管生成基本机制以及血管生成在脂肪组织发育和肥胖中作用的最新进展。大量数据表明，脂肪组织血管生成不足是肥胖中胰岛素抵抗和代谢疾病的一个促成因素。这些新发现支持了将脂肪组织脉管系统作为代谢疾病治疗新靶点来源的概念。本文是名为：健康与疾病中脂肪组织的调节的特刊的一部分。
