Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2013 Aug;25(4):449-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.05.004. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Peroxisomes are part of the ubiquitous set of eukaryotic organelles. They are small, single membrane bounded vesicles, specialized in the degradation of very-long-chain fatty acids and in synthesis of myelin lipids. Once considered inconspicuous, recent new insights in the formation and function of peroxisomes have revealed a much more subtle interplay between organelles that warrant a re-evaluation of the historical assignment of peroxisomes as being either autonomous or ER-derived. Peroxisomes acquire their lipids and membrane proteins from the ER, whereas they import their matrix proteins directly from the cytosol. Remarkably, many of its metabolic enzymes and factors controlling peroxisome abundance (fission and inheritance) too are shared with other organelles, stressing interdependence among cellular compartments.
过氧化物酶体是普遍存在的真核细胞器的一部分。它们是小型的、单层膜包裹的囊泡，专门用于降解超长链脂肪酸和合成髓鞘脂质。虽然曾经被认为不起眼，但最近对过氧化物体形成和功能的新见解揭示了细胞器之间更加微妙的相互作用，这使得有必要重新评估过氧化物体作为自主或内质网衍生的历史分配。过氧化物体从内质网获得其脂质和膜蛋白，而其基质蛋白则直接从细胞质中导入。值得注意的是，其许多代谢酶和控制过氧化物体丰度（分裂和遗传）的因子也与其他细胞器共享，这强调了细胞区室之间的相互依存关系。
