Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstr. 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
Mar Drugs. 2013 Jun 17;11(6):2168-82. doi: 10.3390/md11062168.
The ability to adapt to different seawater salinities is essential for cosmopolitan marine phytoplankton living in very diverse habitats. In this study, we examined the role of small zwitterionic metabolites in the osmoadaption of two common microalgae species Emiliania huxleyi and Prorocentrum minimum. By cultivation of the algae under salinities between 16‰ and 38‰ and subsequent analysis of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), glycine betaine (GBT), gonyol, homarine, trigonelline, dimethylsulfonioacetate, trimethylammonium propionate, and trimethylammonium butyrate using HPLC-MS, we could reveal two fundamentally different osmoadaption mechanisms. While E. huxleyi responded with cell size reduction and a nearly constant ratio between the major metabolites DMSP, GBT and homarine to increasing salinity, osmolyte composition of P. minimum changed dramatically. In this alga DMSP concentration remained nearly constant at 18.6 mM between 20‰ and 32‰ but the amount of GBT and dimethylsulfonioacetate increased from 4% to 30% of total investigated osmolytes. Direct quantification of zwitterionic metabolites via LC-MS is a powerful tool to unravel the complex osmoadaption and regulation mechanisms of marine phytoplankton.
适应不同海水盐度的能力对于生活在非常多样化生境中的世界性海洋浮游植物至关重要。在这项研究中，我们研究了两种常见微藻物种 Emiliania huxleyi 和 Prorocentrum minimum 中小两性离子代谢物在渗透适应中的作用。通过在 16‰ 至 38‰ 盐度下培养藻类，并随后使用 HPLC-MS 分析二甲基磺丙基丙酸酯 (DMSP)、甘氨酸甜菜碱 (GBT)、gonyol、高丙氨酸、瓜氨酸、二甲基磺基乙酸酯、丙基三甲铵丙酸酯和丁基三甲铵，我们可以揭示两种根本不同的渗透适应机制。虽然 E. huxleyi 通过细胞大小减小和主要代谢物 DMSP、GBT 和高丙氨酸之间的比例几乎恒定来响应盐度增加，但 P. minimum 的渗透调节剂组成发生了巨大变化。在这种藻类中，DMSP 浓度在 20‰ 至 32‰ 之间几乎保持在 18.6 mM 不变，但 GBT 和二甲基磺基乙酸酯的含量从总研究渗透调节剂的 4%增加到 30%。通过 LC-MS 直接定量两性离子代谢物是揭示海洋浮游植物复杂渗透适应和调节机制的有力工具。
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