Sabbatani Sergio
U.O.di Malattie Infettive, Policlino S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
Infez Med. 2013 Jun;21(2):151-66.
The author systematically examined all available publications and web documents, with regard to scientifically documented experiments carried out by Nazi physicians in their concentration camps during World War II. This research focused on human experiments dealing with: malaria, tuberculosis, petechial typhus, viral hepatitis, and those regarding sulphonamides as antimicrobial agents. The concentration camps involved by experimental programmes on human guinea pigs were: Natzweiler Struthof, Dachau, Mauthausen, Buchenwald, Neuengamme, Ravensbrück, Sachsenhausen and Auschwitz. Overall, around 7,200 deported prisoners went to their deaths during or because of these experiments (also considering human trials other than previously quoted ones). At the end of the war several physicians were charged with war crimes in two trials (Nuremberg and Dachau), and those found guilty were sentenced to death, or years of imprisonment. Some of them, including the notorious Josef Mengele, succeeded in escaping capture and being brought to justice. Thanks to these trials, partial light has been shed on these crimes, which not infrequently had children as designated victims, selected with excruciating cruelty in special segregation sections. The SS was the key structure which ensured maximum efficiency for these experimental programmes, from both logistic planning through to an operative control system carried out in concentration camps, and thanks to an autonomous, dedicated medical structure, which included a rigid hierarchy of physicians directly dependent on the head of SS forces (Reichsführer), i.e. Dr. Heinrich Himmler. Moreover, it is worth noting that also physicians who were not part of the SS corps collaborated in the above experiments on human guinea pigs: these included military personnel belonging to the Wehrmacht, academic physicians from German universities, and researchers who worked in some German pharmaceutical industries, such as IG Farben, Bayer and Boehring.
作者系统地查阅了所有可得的出版物和网络文档，内容涉及纳粹医生在二战期间于集中营所进行的有科学记录的实验。这项研究聚焦于以下人体实验：疟疾、肺结核、斑疹伤寒、病毒性肝炎，以及将磺胺类药物用作抗菌剂的实验。涉及人体豚鼠实验项目的集中营有：纳茨维勒-斯特鲁托夫集中营、达豪集中营、毛特豪森集中营、布痕瓦尔德集中营、诺因加默集中营、拉文斯布吕克集中营、萨克森豪森集中营和奥斯威辛集中营。总体而言，约7200名被驱逐的囚犯在这些实验期间或因这些实验死亡（也包括此前未提及的人体试验）。战争结束时，数名医生在两场审判（纽伦堡审判和达豪审判）中被指控犯有战争罪，那些被判有罪的人被判处死刑或监禁数年。他们中的一些人，包括臭名昭著的约瑟夫·门格勒，成功逃脱抓捕并逃避了司法审判。多亏了这些审判，这些罪行才部分地得以曝光，这些罪行的指定受害者常常是儿童，他们在特别隔离区被极其残忍地挑选出来。党卫军是确保这些实验项目达到最高效率的关键机构，从后勤规划到在集中营实施的运营控制系统都是如此，并且得益于一个自主的、专门的医疗结构，其中包括直接隶属于党卫军部队首领（帝国元帅）即海因里希·希姆莱博士的严格的医生等级制度。此外，值得注意的是，并非党卫军成员的医生也参与了上述人体豚鼠实验：这些人包括德国国防军的军事人员、德国大学的学术医生，以及在一些德国制药企业工作的研究人员，如法本公司、拜耳公司和勃林格公司。
