Tagoe Daniel Na, Desbordes Kenneth K
Department of Laboratory Technology, Medical Laboratory Section, College of Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2012 Jan;2(1):20-4. doi: 10.4103/2229-516X.96796.
Recent research has shown that healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are on the increase despite education.
The aims of this study were to isolate, quantify, and determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria on formites at the Central Regional Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Purposive sampling of likely areas of contamination and contact by patients and healthcare workers was undertaken.
A total of 100 swabs were taken from door handles, working surfaces, beds and taps from the various wards, consulting rooms, OPDs, laboratory, and surgical theatre. Serial dilution was used in quantifying bacteria, MacConkey and blood agars were used in isolation, and the Kirby Bauer method applied in antibiotic sensitivity testing.
Data were statistically analyzed using Statview from SAS Version 5.0. The means were separated using double-tailed paired means comparison.
Mean bacterial count ranges from least in wards (9.67 × 10(11)), working surfaces (1.64 × 10(12)), door handles (1.71 × 10(12)), and highest in taps (2.08 × 10(12)). Door handles had the highest isolation (23) and highest number of differential isolates were from working surfaces (7). Of the total bacterial isolates, 46.14% were pathogenic, with S. aureus being the highest (14.42%), while 53.86% were nonpathogenic made up of 45.2% of Bacillus spp. Gentamicin was 100% effective, while 6 of the total 12 antibiotics tested (50%) were 100% resistant in either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
There was a high potential of bacterial transmission from the studied surfaces requiring hospital management to monitor and enforce cleaning regimen to prevent HAIs.
近期研究表明，尽管开展了相关教育，但医疗保健相关感染（HAIs）仍在增加。
本研究的目的是分离、量化并确定加纳海岸角中央地区医院物体表面细菌的抗生素敏感性模式。
对患者和医护人员可能接触和污染的区域进行了有目的的采样。
从各个病房、诊室、门诊部、实验室和手术室的门把手、工作表面、病床和水龙头共采集了100份拭子。采用连续稀释法对细菌进行定量，使用麦康凯琼脂和血琼脂进行分离，并采用 Kirby Bauer 方法进行抗生素敏感性测试。
使用 SAS 5.0 版本的 Statview 对数据进行统计分析。采用双尾配对均值比较来区分均值。
平均细菌计数范围为病房（9.67×10¹¹）最少，工作表面（1.64×10¹²）、门把手（1.71×10¹²）次之，水龙头最高（2.08×10¹²）。门把手的分离率最高（23），差异分离株数量最多的是工作表面（7）。在所有细菌分离株中，46.14%为致病性细菌，其中金黄色葡萄球菌最高（14.42%），而53.86%为非致病性细菌，其中芽孢杆菌属占45.2%。庆大霉素的有效性为100%，而在测试的12种抗生素中，有6种（50%）对革兰氏阳性或革兰氏阴性细菌的耐药性为100%。
所研究的表面存在很高的细菌传播潜力，需要医院管理层监测并加强清洁措施以预防医疗保健相关感染。
