Rutala William A, White Matthew S, Gergen Maria F, Weber David J
Department of Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care System, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006 Apr;27(4):372-7. doi: 10.1086/503340. Epub 2006 Mar 29.
Computers are ubiquitous in the healthcare setting and have been shown to be contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. This study was performed to determine the degree of microbial contamination, the efficacy of different disinfectants, and the cosmetic and functional effects of the disinfectants on the computer keyboards.
We assessed the effectiveness of 6 different disinfectants (1 each containing chlorine, alcohol, or phenol and 3 containing quaternary ammonium) against 3 test organisms (oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ORSA], Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species) inoculated onto study computer keyboards. We also assessed the computer keyboards for functional and cosmetic damage after disinfectant use.
Potential pathogens cultured from more than 50% of the computers included coagulase-negative staphylococci (100% of keyboards), diphtheroids (80%), Micrococcus species (72%), and Bacillus species (64%). Other pathogens cultured included ORSA (4% of keyboards), OSSA (4%), vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus species (12%), and nonfermentative gram-negative rods (36%). All disinfectants, as well as the sterile water control, were effective at removing or inactivating more than 95% of the test bacteria. No functional or cosmetic damage to the computer keyboards was observed after 300 disinfection cycles.
Our data suggest that microbial contamination of keyboards is prevalent and that keyboards may be successfully decontaminated with disinfectants. Keyboards should be disinfected daily or when visibly soiled or if they become contaminated with blood.
计算机在医疗环境中无处不在，并且已被证明受到潜在致病微生物的污染。本研究旨在确定微生物污染程度、不同消毒剂的效果以及消毒剂对计算机键盘的外观和功能影响。
我们评估了6种不同消毒剂（1种含氯、1种含酒精、1种含酚以及3种含季铵盐）对接种在研究用计算机键盘上的3种测试微生物（耐苯唑西林金黄色葡萄球菌[ORSA]、铜绿假单胞菌和耐万古霉素肠球菌）的有效性。我们还评估了使用消毒剂后计算机键盘的功能和外观损伤情况。
从超过50%的计算机中培养出的潜在病原体包括凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（100%的键盘）、类白喉杆菌（80%）、微球菌属（72%）和芽孢杆菌属（64%）。培养出的其他病原体包括ORSA（4%的键盘）、耐苯唑西林金黄色葡萄球菌（OSSA，4%）、对万古霉素敏感的肠球菌（12%）和非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌（36%）。所有消毒剂以及无菌水对照在去除或灭活超过95%的测试细菌方面均有效。在300次消毒循环后，未观察到计算机键盘有功能或外观损伤。
我们的数据表明键盘的微生物污染很普遍，并且键盘可以用消毒剂成功去污。键盘应每天消毒，或在明显脏污时消毒，或在被血液污染时消毒。
