Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Anim Biotechnol. 2013;24(3):210-28. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2013.767267.
Genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is known to affect disease resistance in many species. Investigations of MHC diversity in populations of wild species have focused on the antigen presenting class IIβ molecules due to the known polymorphic nature of these genes and the role these molecules play in pathogen recognition. Studies of MHC haplotype variation in the turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ) are limited. This study was designed to examine MHC diversity in a group of Eastern wild turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo silvestris ) collected during population expansion following reintroduction of the species in southern Wisconsin, USA. Southern blotting with BG and class IIβ probes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was used to measure MHC variation. SNP analysis focused on single copy MHC genes flanking the highly polymorphic class IIβ genes. Southern blotting identified 27 class IIβ phenotypes, whereas SNP analysis identified 13 SNP haplotypes occurring in 28 combined genotypes. Results show that genetic diversity estimates based on RFLP (Southern blot) analysis underestimate the level of variation detected by SNP analysis. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop identified 7 mitochondrial haplotypes (mitotypes) in the sampled birds. Results show that wild turkeys located in southern Wisconsin have a genetically diverse MHC and originate from several maternal lineages.
主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）的遗传变异已知会影响许多物种的疾病抵抗力。由于这些基因的已知多态性和这些分子在病原体识别中所起的作用，对野生种群中 MHC 多样性的研究主要集中在抗原呈递 II 类β分子上。对火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo）MHC 单倍型变异的研究有限。本研究旨在检测美国威斯康星州南部重新引入该物种后种群扩张过程中采集的一组东部野生火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo silvestris）的 MHC 多样性。使用 BG 和 II 类β探针的Southern 印迹杂交和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因分型来测量 MHC 变异。SNP 分析集中在高度多态性的 II 类β基因侧翼的单拷贝 MHC 基因上。Southern 印迹杂交鉴定出 27 种 II 类β表型，而 SNP 分析鉴定出 13 种 SNP 单倍型，存在于 28 种组合基因型中。结果表明，基于 RFLP（Southern blot）分析的遗传多样性估计值低估了 SNP 分析检测到的变异水平。对取样鸟类的线粒体 D-环进行的序列分析确定了 7 种线粒体单倍型（mitotypes）。结果表明，位于威斯康星州南部的野火鸡具有遗传多样性的 MHC，并且源自几个母系血统。
