School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2013 Dec;44(4):418-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.05.001. Epub 2013 May 29.
The present study addressed the role of context information and dual-task interference during the encoding of negative pictures on intrusion development and voluntary recall.
Healthy participants were shown negative pictures with or without context information. Pictures were either viewed alone or concurrently with a visuospatial or verbal task. Participants reported their intrusive images of the pictures in a diary. At follow-up, perceptual and contextual memory was tested.
Participants in the context group reported more intrusive images and perceptual voluntary memory than participants in the no context group. No effects of the concurrent tasks were found on intrusive image frequency, but perceptual and contextual memory was affected according to the cognitive load of the task.
The analogue method cannot be generalized to real-life trauma and the secondary tasks may differ in cognitive load.
The findings challenge a dual memory model of PTSD but support an account in which retrieval strategy, rather than encoding processes, accounts for the experience of involuntary versus voluntary recall.
本研究旨在探讨在对负性图片进行编码时，上下文信息和双重任务干扰对入侵发展和自愿回忆的作用。
健康参与者观看带有或不带有上下文信息的负性图片。图片单独呈现或与视空间或言语任务同时呈现。参与者在日记中报告他们对图片的侵入性图像。在随访时，测试了知觉和情景记忆。
与无上下文组相比，上下文组的参与者报告了更多的侵入性图像和知觉自愿记忆。同时进行的任务对侵入性图像频率没有影响，但根据任务的认知负荷，知觉和情景记忆受到影响。
模拟方法不能推广到真实创伤，并且次要任务的认知负荷可能不同。
这些发现对 PTSD 的双重记忆模型提出了挑战，但支持这样一种解释，即检索策略而不是编码过程解释了不由自主回忆和自愿回忆的体验。
