Krans J, Pearson D G, Maier B, Moulds M L
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2016 Dec;53:52-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Sep 11.
To understand how memories of negative events become highly accessible in the context of trauma, we tested the hypothesis that contextual information modulates how easily intrusions can be provoked by perceptual stimuli..
Healthy participants viewed pictures depicting trauma scenes either with or without accompanying moderate (i.e. survival, recovery) or severe (i.e. fatality, permanent injury) outcome information. All participants viewed the same depictions of trauma scenes. Involuntary memories for the pictures were assessed using self-report diaries and an adapted version of the Impact of Event Scales (IES). A blurred picture perceptual priming paradigm was adapted to be used as an intrusion provocation task.
The severe outcome group experienced a significantly higher frequency of intrusions on the intrusion provocation task in comparison to both moderate outcome and control (no-context) conditions. The severe outcome condition did not increase intrusions on the self-report diaries or the adapted IES. There was no effect of condition on ratings for the emotionality, self-relevance, valence, or seriousness of the trauma scenes.
The analogue method should not be generalized directly to incidences of real-life trauma. It was unclear why differences in intrusion frequency were found in the provocation task only. The relative amount of individual conceptual and data-driven processing adopted by the participants was not assessed.
Manipulating contextual information that determines the meaning of sensory-perceptual features for a trauma scene can modulate subsequent intrusion frequency in response to visually similar cues.
为了解负面事件的记忆在创伤情境中如何变得极易提取，我们检验了如下假设：情境信息会调节感知刺激引发侵入性记忆的难易程度。
健康参与者观看描绘创伤场景的图片，这些图片配有或不配有中度（即存活、康复）或重度（即死亡、永久性损伤）结果信息。所有参与者观看的创伤场景描绘相同。使用自我报告日记和事件影响量表（IES）的改编版本评估对图片的非自愿记忆。采用一种模糊图片感知启动范式作为侵入性记忆引发任务。
与中度结果组和对照组（无情境组）相比，重度结果组在侵入性记忆引发任务中经历的侵入性记忆频率显著更高。重度结果条件并未增加自我报告日记或改编后的IES中的侵入性记忆。情境条件对创伤场景的情感性、自我相关性、效价或严重性评分没有影响。
模拟方法不应直接推广到现实生活中的创伤事件。尚不清楚为何仅在引发任务中发现侵入频率存在差异。未评估参与者采用的个体概念性和数据驱动处理的相对量。
操纵决定创伤场景感觉-感知特征意义的情境信息，可以调节随后对视觉上相似线索的侵入频率。
