Zuckerman M, Ball S, Black J
Dept. of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
Addict Behav. 1990;15(3):209-20. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(90)90064-5.
The study evaluated the current relationship between the trait of sensation seeking and smoking as possibly mediated by gender, cognitive risk appraisal and situational-relevant motivation. Subject were 1071 male and female undergraduates of whom 279 indicated they were past or current smokers and completed a Smoking Questionnaire (SQ). All subjects took the Sensation Seeking Scale. Sensation seeking is significantly (p less than .001) related to the proportion smoking in both men and women, although more women at the university are now smoking. Sensation seekers inhaled more of the smoke than lows, perhaps an indication of stronger nicotine need. Smoking was seen as highly risky, but the degree of estimated risk was not related to sensation seeking. Women reported smoking more in emotional and social situations; men reported smoking more in situations requiring close attention to a task. Sensation seekers reported smoking more than lows in social situations. Research is needed on specific cognitive factors mediating smoking and how they are related to personality and gender.
该研究评估了寻求刺激特质与吸烟之间当前的关系，这种关系可能由性别、认知风险评估和情境相关动机介导。研究对象为1071名男女本科生，其中279人表示他们过去或现在吸烟，并完成了一份吸烟问卷（SQ）。所有受试者都进行了寻求刺激量表测试。寻求刺激与男性和女性的吸烟比例均显著相关（p小于0.001），尽管现在大学里吸烟的女性更多。寻求刺激者吸入的烟雾比低寻求刺激者更多，这可能表明对尼古丁的需求更强。吸烟被视为高风险行为，但估计的风险程度与寻求刺激无关。女性报告在情感和社交场合吸烟更多；男性报告在需要密切关注任务的场合吸烟更多。寻求刺激者报告在社交场合吸烟比低寻求刺激者更多。需要对介导吸烟的特定认知因素以及它们与个性和性别的关系进行研究。
