Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 1 Boston Medical Center Way, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2013 Aug;15(4):299-306. doi: 10.1007/s11908-013-0342-4.
Expatriates comprise a diverse set of travelers who face unique medical, psychiatric, and non-health-related risks as a result of increased exposure to host country environment and associated lifestyle. Expatriates have an increased risk of developing malaria, gastrointestinal disorders, latent tuberculosis, vaccine-preventable infections, and psychological disorders, when compared with other travelers, yet the majority of existing pretravel guidelines have been designed to suit the needs of nonexpatriates. Although greater interest in expatriate health issues has led to improved characterization of illness in this population, expatriate-specific risk mitigation strategies-including modifications to chemoprophylaxis recommendations, limiting tuberculosis exposure, and prevention of occupational or sexual blood-borne virus transmission-are poorly described. Occupations and destinations affect travel-related disease risk and should inform the pretravel consultation.
侨民是一个多样化的旅行者群体，由于更多地接触东道国环境和相关的生活方式，他们面临着独特的医疗、精神和非健康相关的风险。与其他旅行者相比，侨民患疟疾、胃肠道疾病、潜伏性结核病、疫苗可预防感染和心理障碍的风险增加，但大多数现有的旅行前指南都是为满足非侨民的需求而设计的。尽管人们对侨民健康问题的兴趣日益增加，导致对这一人群疾病的特征有了更好的描述，但侨民特有的风险缓解策略——包括对化学预防建议的修改、限制结核病接触以及预防职业或性血液传播病毒的传播——描述得很差。职业和目的地会影响与旅行相关的疾病风险，应该为旅行前咨询提供信息。
