Department of Child Development and Education, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dev Sci. 2013 Jul;16(4):554-63. doi: 10.1111/desc.12049. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
Dyslexia is heritable and associated with phonological processing deficits that can be reflected in the event-related potentials (ERPs). Here, we recorded ERPs from 2-month-old infants at risk of dyslexia and from a control group to investigate whether their auditory system processes /bAk/ and /dAk/ changes differently. The speech sounds were presented in an oddball paradigm. The children were followed longitudinally and performed a word reading fluency test in second grade. The infant ERPs were subsequently analyzed according to high or low reading fluency in order to find a neurophysiological precursor of poor reading fluency. The results show that the fluent reading children (from both the at-risk and the control group) processed the speech sound changes differentially in infancy as indicated by a mismatch response (MMR). In the control group the MMR was frontally positive and in the fluent at-risk group the MMR was parietally positive. The non-fluent at-risk group did not show an MMR. We conclude that at-risk children who became fluent readers were better at speech processing in infancy than those who became non-fluent readers. This indicates a very early speech processing deficit in the group of later non-fluent readers.
阅读障碍具有遗传性，与语音处理缺陷有关，这些缺陷可以在事件相关电位（ERP）中反映出来。在这里，我们记录了有阅读障碍风险的 2 个月大婴儿和对照组婴儿的 ERP，以研究他们的听觉系统是否对 /bAk/ 和 /dAk/ 的变化有不同的处理方式。语音以一种“奇特的范式”呈现。这些孩子被进行了纵向跟踪，并在二年级时进行了单词阅读流畅性测试。随后根据阅读流畅性的高低对婴儿的 ERP 进行了分析，以寻找阅读流畅性差的神经生理学前兆。结果表明，阅读流畅的儿童（来自风险组和对照组）在婴儿期对语音变化的处理方式不同，这表现为失匹配负波（MMR）。在对照组中，MMR 是额部正波，而在流畅的高风险组中，MMR 是顶叶正波。非流畅的高风险组则没有表现出 MMR。我们得出结论，那些后来成为流畅阅读者的高风险儿童在婴儿期的语音处理能力比那些成为非流畅阅读者的儿童要好。这表明后来成为非流畅阅读者的那一组在婴儿期就存在非常严重的语音处理缺陷。
