Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington 99350, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Jul 31;61(30):7357-65. doi: 10.1021/jf401522k. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
Potato phytonutrients include phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. Developmental effects on phytonutrient concentrations and gene expression were studied in white, yellow, and purple potatoes. Purple potatoes contained the most total phenolics, which decreased during development (from 14 to 10 mg g(-1)), as did the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The major phenolic, 5-chlorogenic acid (5CGA), decreased during development in all cultivars. Products of later branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway also decreased, including quercetin 3-O rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and petunidin 3-O-(p-coumaroyl)rutinoside-3-glucoside (from 6.4 to 4.0 mg g(-1)). Violaxanthin and lutein were the two most abundant carotenoids and decreased 30-70% in the yellow and white potatoes. Sucrose, which can regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism, decreased with development in all cultivars and was highest in purple potatoes. Total protein decreased by 15-30% in two cultivars. Expression of most phenylpropanoid and carotenoid structural genes decreased during development. Immature potatoes like those used in this study are marketed as "baby potatoes", and the greater amounts of these dietarily desirable compounds may appeal to health-conscious consumers.
马铃薯植物营养素包括酚酸、类黄酮、花青素和类胡萝卜素。本研究以白、黄、紫马铃薯为材料，研究了其在发育过程中对植物营养素浓度和基因表达的影响。紫马铃薯总酚含量最高，在发育过程中（从 14 毫克/克降至 10 毫克/克）下降，苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性也随之下降。主要酚类物质 5-咖啡酸（5CGA）在所有品种的发育过程中均减少。苯丙烷途径的后期分支产物也减少，包括槲皮素 3-O-芸香糖苷、山柰酚 3-O-芸香糖苷和矢车菊素 3-O-（对香豆酰）芸香糖苷-3-葡萄糖苷（从 6.4 毫克/克降至 4.0 毫克/克）。番茄红素和叶黄素是两种最丰富的类胡萝卜素，在黄、白马铃薯中减少了 30-70%。蔗糖可调节苯丙烷代谢，在所有品种中随发育而下降，在紫马铃薯中含量最高。两种品种的总蛋白减少了 15-30%。大多数苯丙烷和类胡萝卜素结构基因的表达在发育过程中下降。像本研究中使用的未成熟马铃薯作为“婴儿马铃薯”出售，这些更大量的饮食中所需的化合物可能会吸引注重健康的消费者。
