Williams A P, Domnick-Pierre K, Vayda E, Stevenson H M, Burke M
Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, Toronto, Ont.
CMAJ. 1990 Aug 1;143(3):194-201.
Increasing numbers of women are entering medicine in Canada. In 1959 women accounted for 6% of the medical school graduates, but by 1989 they accounted for 44%. Although there has been little systematic investigation of the impact of this increase on Canada's health care system, there are grounds for believing that female physicians bring with them distinctive values and interests, which may be reflected in the way they conduct their professional practices. We used data from a recent national survey of 2398 Canadian physicians to examine differences between women and men in their practices and their attitudes toward health care issues. Significant differences were found in the organization and management of the practices. Women preferred group over solo practice and were overrepresented in community health centres, health service organizations and centres locaux de services communautaires in Quebec. One-third of the women, as compared with half of the men, were in specialties. Even after adjusting for differences in workloads the incomes of the women were significantly lower than those of the men. Only minor differences were observed in the assessment of the health care system and alternative modes of organizing health care services. We believe that the differences were due to the double workload of women as professionals and family caregivers and the powerful socialization effects of medical education. As women overcome their minority status in the medical profession, differences between the sexes may become more apparent. Thus, the extent and effects of the progressive increase in the number of women in Canadian medicine should be assessed on an ongoing basis.
在加拿大，越来越多的女性投身医学领域。1959年，医学院毕业生中女性占6%，但到1989年，这一比例达到了44%。尽管对于这一增长对加拿大医疗保健系统的影响鲜有系统研究，但有理由相信，女性医生有着独特的价值观和兴趣，这可能会在她们的专业实践方式中体现出来。我们使用了最近一项对2398名加拿大医生进行的全国性调查的数据，来研究女性和男性在实践以及对医疗保健问题的态度上的差异。在实践的组织和管理方面发现了显著差异。女性更倾向于团队执业而非独自执业，并且在社区健康中心、卫生服务组织以及魁北克的社区服务中心中占比较高。三分之一的女性从事专科工作，而男性这一比例为一半。即使在对工作量差异进行调整之后，女性的收入仍显著低于男性。在对医疗保健系统和组织医疗保健服务的替代模式的评估中，仅观察到细微差异。我们认为，这些差异是由于女性作为专业人员和家庭照顾者的双重工作量以及医学教育强大的社会化影响所致。随着女性在医学职业中克服其少数群体地位，性别差异可能会变得更加明显。因此，应该持续评估加拿大医学领域女性人数不断增加的程度及其影响。
