Eisenberg C
J Med Educ. 1983 Jul;58(7):534-41. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198307000-00002.
Whatever qualities are ascribed to femininity and whether these are attributed to nature or to nurture, the characteristics women display as physicians are primarily determined by the impact of their professional education, by their socialization into medical roles, and by the organization of their practices. Women physicians more nearly resemble men physicians in professional attributes than they do other women in the population. Women merit more opportunities in medicine, both on grounds of equity and in order to enlarge the pool of medical talent. However, women, in themselves, are not likely to alter the perceived shortcomings of medical practice. For that to take place, it will be necessary to modify admission criteria, to broaden the narrow focus of medical education, and to change the reward systems which govern medical practice for both women and men.
无论赋予女性气质何种特质，也无论这些特质被归因于天性还是后天培养，女性作为医生所展现出的特征主要取决于她们接受的专业教育的影响、她们融入医疗角色的社会化过程以及她们执业的组织方式。女医生在专业属性上比普通人群中的其他女性更类似于男医生。基于公平以及为了扩大医学人才库，女性在医学领域应获得更多机会。然而，女性自身不太可能改变人们所认为的医疗实践中的缺点。要做到这一点，有必要修改录取标准，拓宽医学教育狭隘的关注点，并改变管理男女医疗实践的奖励制度。
