II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Nov;140(2):133-47. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.06.005. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
Cancers of the esophagus, stomach and colon contribute to a major health burden worldwide and over 20% of all cancer deaths. Biomarkers that should indicate pathogenic process and are measureable in an objective manner for these tumors are rare and not established in the clinical setting. In general biomarkers can be very useful for cancer management as they can improve clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy. Biomarkers can be different types of molecular entities (such as DNA, RNA or proteins), which can be detected, in different tissues or body fluids. However, more important is the type of biomarker itself, which allows diagnostic, prognostic or predictive analyses for different clinical problems. This review aims to systematically summarize the recent findings of genetic and epigenetic markers for gastrointestinal tumors within the last decade. While many biomarkers seem to be very promising, especially if used as panels, further development is urgently needed to address practical considerations of biomarkers in cancer treatment.
食管癌、胃癌和结肠癌是全球范围内主要的健康负担之一，占所有癌症死亡人数的 20%以上。能够指示这些肿瘤发病过程且可客观测量的生物标志物非常罕见，尚未在临床环境中确立。一般来说，生物标志物对于癌症管理非常有用，因为它们可以改善与诊断、监测和治疗相关的临床决策。生物标志物可以是不同类型的分子实体（如 DNA、RNA 或蛋白质），可以在不同的组织或体液中检测到。然而，更重要的是生物标志物本身的类型，它可以进行不同临床问题的诊断、预后或预测分析。本综述旨在系统总结过去十年中胃肠道肿瘤的遗传和表观遗传标记物的最新发现。虽然许多生物标志物似乎非常有前途，特别是如果用作标志物组合时，但迫切需要进一步开发以解决癌症治疗中生物标志物的实际问题。
