Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013 Nov;106:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.06.007. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
Recently developed neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques are allowing us to answer fundamental questions about how behavioral states regulate our perception of the external environment. Studies using these techniques have yielded surprising insights into how sensory processing is affected at the earliest stages by attention and motivation, and how new sensory information received during wakefulness (e.g., during learning) continues to affect sensory brain circuits (leading to plastic changes) during subsequent sleep. This review aims to describe how brain states affect sensory response properties among neurons in primary and secondary sensory cortices, and how this relates to psychophysical detection thresholds and performance on sensory discrimination tasks. This is not intended to serve as a comprehensive overview of all brain states, or all sensory systems, but instead as an illustrative description of how three specific state variables (attention, motivation, and vigilance [i.e., sleep vs. wakefulness]) affect sensory systems in which they have been best studied.
最近发展起来的神经影像学和电生理学技术使我们能够回答关于行为状态如何调节我们对外界环境感知的基本问题。使用这些技术的研究令人惊讶地揭示了注意力和动机如何在早期阶段影响感觉处理，以及在觉醒期间（例如，在学习期间）接收到的新感觉信息如何在随后的睡眠期间继续影响感觉大脑回路（导致可塑性变化）。本综述旨在描述大脑状态如何影响初级和次级感觉皮层中神经元的感觉反应特性，以及这与心理物理检测阈值和感觉辨别任务的表现有何关系。这并不是要全面概述所有的大脑状态或所有的感觉系统，而是要说明三个特定的状态变量（注意力、动机和警觉性[即睡眠与觉醒]）如何影响它们在其中得到最好研究的感觉系统。
