Inserm U1065/C3M, service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et reproduction, hôpital de l'Archet 2, CHU de NICE, 151, route Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice cedex 3, France.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2013 Jul;74(3):211-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.04.002. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Bisphenol A (BPA), initially designed, like diethylstilbestrol, as a synthetic estrogen, has been rapidly and widely used for its cross-linking properties in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Because of incomplete polymerization and degradation of the polymers by exposure to higher than usual temperatures, BPA leaches out from food and beverage containers, as well as from dental sealants. In humans, free active unconjugated BPA is metabolized by rapid glucurono- or sulfo-conjugation and eliminated via renal clearance. However, exposure to environmental nanomolar concentrations of BPA is ubiquitous and continuous via different routes: oral, air, skin. In rodents, fetal and perinatal exposure to such environmentally relevant doses of BPA has been shown to affect the brain, liver, gut, adipose tissue, endocrine pancreas, mammary gland and reproductive tract and function. Similar concentrations are also able in vitro to impact human malignant breast, prostate, male germ or adipocyte cell lines (with a promoting effect and by interfering with chemotherapy drugs), or to stimulate pancreatic β cell insulin secretion. High levels of BPA have recently been correlated with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovarian disease or low sperm count. However, before the real impact of BPA on human health can be clearly assessed, prospective longitudinal epidemiological studies are needed as well as characterization of selective biomarkers to verify long-term exposure and selective imprinting.
双酚 A（BPA）最初被设计为一种合成雌激素，与己烯雌酚类似，因其交联特性而被广泛用于制造聚碳酸酯塑料和环氧树脂。由于聚合物在暴露于高于正常温度时发生不完全聚合和降解，BPA 会从食品和饮料容器以及牙科密封剂中渗出。在人类中，游离的活性非共轭 BPA 会迅速通过葡萄糖醛酸或硫酸结合代谢，并通过肾脏清除而消除。然而，通过不同途径（口服、空气、皮肤），人类会持续暴露于环境纳摩尔浓度的 BPA 中。在啮齿动物中，胎儿和围产期暴露于这种与环境相关的剂量的 BPA 已被证明会影响大脑、肝脏、肠道、脂肪组织、内分泌胰腺、乳腺和生殖道及其功能。类似的浓度也能够在体外影响人类恶性乳腺、前列腺、男性生殖细胞或脂肪细胞系（具有促进作用，并通过干扰化疗药物），或刺激胰腺β细胞胰岛素分泌。最近，高水平的 BPA 与肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病、多囊卵巢疾病或精子计数低有关。然而，在明确评估 BPA 对人类健康的实际影响之前，需要进行前瞻性纵向流行病学研究，以及特征化选择性生物标志物，以验证长期暴露和选择性印迹。
