Pellis S M, Pellis V C
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
Dev Psychobiol. 1990 Apr;23(3):215-31. doi: 10.1002/dev.420230303.
During postweaning development, rats exhibit several well documented trends in their play fighting: (1) It peaks between 30-40 days and then declines with the approach of sexual maturity; (2) males initiate more play fights than females; and (3) the overall complexity of play fights, as expressed by such measures as duration of bouts, also decreases with increasing age. Such trends could arise from changes in attack or defense, or some combination of both. In this article it is shown that (a) the decline in play fighting with the onset of sexual maturity in rats results from a decline in attack, not in defense; (b) the differences in play fighting by male and female rats are due to sex-specific rates of both attack and defense; and (c) the developmental decrease in the complexity of play fighting arises from a decrease in the frequency of counterattacks (i.e., after an animal defends itself, it is less likely to launch an attack). In this way, age and sex differences in play fighting can be traced to differences in its subcomponents.
在断奶后的发育过程中，大鼠在嬉戏打斗方面呈现出几个有充分记录的趋势：（1）它在30至40天之间达到峰值，然后随着性成熟的临近而下降；（2）雄性发起的嬉戏打斗比雌性更多；（3）嬉戏打斗的整体复杂性，如用回合持续时间等指标来衡量，也随着年龄的增长而降低。这些趋势可能源于攻击或防御的变化，或者两者的某种组合。本文表明：（a）大鼠性成熟开始后嬉戏打斗的减少是由于攻击的减少，而非防御的减少；（b）雄性和雌性大鼠在嬉戏打斗上的差异是由于攻击和防御的性别特异性速率；（c）嬉戏打斗复杂性的发育性降低源于反击频率的降低（即动物自卫后发起攻击的可能性较小）。通过这种方式，嬉戏打斗中的年龄和性别差异可以追溯到其各个子成分的差异。
