Zhang Peng, Watanabe Kunio
Primates. 2014 Jan;55(1):69-79. doi: 10.1007/s10329-013-0370-6.
Knowledge of intraspecific variation is important to test the evolutionary basis of covariation in primate social systems, yet few reports have focused on it, even in the best-studied species of the Macaca genus. We conducted a comparative study of the dominance styles among three provisioned, free-ranging groups of Japanese macaques at Shodoshima Island, Takasakiyama Mountain and Shiga Heights, and collected standard data on aggressive and affiliative behavior during a period of 5 years. Our data in the Takasakiyama and Shiga groups support previous studies showing that Japanese macaques typically have despotic social relations; nevertheless, our data in the Shodoshima group are inconsistent with the norm. The social traits of Shodoshima monkeys suggested that: (1) their dominance style is neither despotic nor tolerant but is intermediate between the two traits; (2) some measures of dominance style, e.g., frequency and duration of social interactions, covary as a set of tolerant traits in Shodoshima monkeys. This study suggests broad intraspecific variation of dominance style in Japanese macaques as can be seen in some other primate species.
了解种内变异对于检验灵长类动物社会系统中共变的进化基础很重要，但很少有报告关注这一点，即使在猕猴属研究得最透彻的物种中也是如此。我们对小豆岛、高岐山和滋贺高地三个圈养、自由放养的日本猕猴群体的支配方式进行了比较研究，并在5年的时间里收集了关于攻击行为和亲和行为的标准数据。我们在高岐山和滋贺群体中的数据支持了之前的研究，即日本猕猴通常具有专制的社会关系；然而，我们在小豆岛群体中的数据与这一常态不符。小豆岛猕猴的社会特征表明：（1）它们的支配方式既不是专制的也不是宽容的，而是介于这两种特征之间；（2）支配方式的一些衡量标准，如社会互动的频率和持续时间，在小豆岛猕猴中作为一组宽容特征共同变化。这项研究表明，日本猕猴的支配方式存在广泛的种内变异，这在其他一些灵长类物种中也可以看到。
