Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013 Oct;65(3):407-20. doi: 10.1007/s00244-013-9928-y. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
We investigated mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and estrogenic activity in the porewaters of two river basins in southern Italy that had different features. Three samples from each site were collected in different seasons from 7 sites for a total of 21 samples. Mutagenicity was measured with the Ames test with and without metabolic activation (S9) using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. Genotoxicity was measured with two tests: one involved a chromophore that detected DNA damage in Escherichia coli PQ37 (SOS chromotest), and the other measured micronuclei formation in the root cells of Vicia faba. Estrogenic activity was measured with a yeast-based estrogen receptor assay and an MCF-7 cell-based, estrogen-sensitive proliferation assay. We also applied chemical analyses to detect alkylphenols, pesticides, natural and synthetic hormones, and heavy metals. The porewaters of both river sediments showed mutagenic/genotoxic activity on V. faba test and Ames test, the latter both with and without S9 liver fraction. The SOS chromotest without metabolic activation was not sufficiently sensitive to detect genotoxicity of the porewaters, but the SOS DNA repair system in E. coli PQ37 was activated in the presence of S9 mix. Good correlations were found between mutagenicity/genotoxicity and the concentration of cadmium and between estrogenic activity and the presence of copper. This study assessed the chemical concentrations of some bioavailable pollutants in porewater and detected the overall effects of multiple pollutants that contributed to mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and estrogenic activity of these two basin porewaters, thus increasing our understanding of the environmental consequences of polluted aquatic ecosystems.
我们研究了意大利南部两个具有不同特征的河流流域的孔隙水中的诱变、遗传毒性和雌激素活性。从每个地点采集了三个样本，每个季节采集一个，共采集了 7 个地点的 21 个样本。使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 TA98 和 TA100 菌株，通过 Ames 试验（有和没有代谢活化（S9））测量诱变活性。使用两种测试方法测量遗传毒性：一种涉及一种显色剂，用于检测大肠杆菌 PQ37 的 DNA 损伤（SOS 显色试验），另一种测量 Vicia faba 根细胞中的微核形成。用基于酵母的雌激素受体测定法和基于 MCF-7 细胞的雌激素敏感增殖测定法测量雌激素活性。我们还应用化学分析方法来检测烷基酚、农药、天然和合成激素以及重金属。这两个河流沉积物的孔隙水在 V. faba 测试和 Ames 测试中均表现出诱变/遗传毒性活性，后者均有和没有 S9 肝部分。无代谢活化的 SOS 显色试验不足以检测孔隙水的遗传毒性，但存在 S9 混合物时，大肠杆菌 PQ37 的 SOS DNA 修复系统被激活。在孔隙水中发现了遗传毒性/遗传毒性与镉浓度之间的良好相关性，以及雌激素活性与铜的存在之间的良好相关性。本研究评估了孔隙水中一些生物可利用污染物的化学浓度，并检测了导致这两个流域孔隙水诱变、遗传毒性和雌激素活性的多种污染物的综合影响，从而增加了我们对污染水生生态系统环境后果的理解。
