Demirakca Traute, Brusniak Wencke, Tunc-Skarka Nuran, Wolf Isabella, Meier Sandra, Matthäus Franziska, Ende Gabriele, Schulze Thomas G, Diener Carsten
Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany.
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Jul;15(5):387-96. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2013.803600. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
Physical activity (PA) was found to influence human brain morphology. However, the impact of PA on brain morphology was mainly demonstrated in seniors. We investigated healthy individuals across a broad age range for the relation between habitual PA and brain morphology.
Ninety-five participants (19-82 years) were assessed for self-reported habitual PA with the "Baecke habitual physical activity questionnaire", and T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were evaluated with whole brain voxel based morphometry for gray and white matter volumes and densities.
Regression analyses revealed a positive relation between the extent of physical activity and gray matter volume bilaterally in the anterior hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus independent of age and gender. Age as well as leisure and locomotion activities were linked to enhanced white matter volumes in the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, suggesting a positive interaction especially in seniors.
Habitual physical activity is associated with regional volumetric gray and white matter alterations. The positive relation of hippocampal volume and physical activity seems not to be restricted to seniors. Thus, habitual physical activity should be generally considered as an influencing factor in studies investigating medial temporal lobe volume and associated cognitive functions (memory), especially in psychiatric research.
研究发现身体活动（PA）会影响人类大脑形态。然而，PA对大脑形态的影响主要在老年人中得到证实。我们调查了广泛年龄范围内的健康个体，以探究习惯性PA与大脑形态之间的关系。
采用“贝克习惯性身体活动问卷”对95名参与者（19 - 82岁）的自我报告习惯性PA进行评估，并使用基于体素的全脑形态测量法对T1加权磁共振图像进行评估，以测量灰质和白质的体积及密度。
回归分析显示，身体活动程度与双侧前海马和海马旁回的灰质体积呈正相关，且不受年龄和性别的影响。年龄以及休闲和运动活动与后扣带回和楔前叶的白质体积增加有关，这表明尤其是在老年人中存在积极的相互作用。
习惯性身体活动与区域灰质和白质体积改变有关。海马体积与身体活动的正相关似乎并不局限于老年人。因此，在研究内侧颞叶体积及相关认知功能（记忆）时，尤其是在精神病学研究中，习惯性身体活动通常应被视为一个影响因素。
