Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Department of Neuroscience, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Nov;124(11):2181-90. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 Jun 22.
The aim of this study was to investigate the neural basis of sustained attention, executive processing, and cognitive control in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain activation of 28 medication-naïve children with ADHD aged 7-12 years and 31 healthy controls during a cued continuous performance task (AX-CPT) in three stimulus context conditions (Go, NoGo, Lure).
The children with ADHD showed increased activation in the left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus and right cerebellum posterior lobe under the Lure condition compared to the controls. In the Lure condition, in contrast to the NoGo condition, an increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal gyrus was observed in ADHD children.
The results demonstrate that medication-naïve ADHD children show spatial and temporal abnormalities in neural activities involved in sustained attention and executive control.
These findings show that there are distinct alternations in neural circuits related to sustained attention and executive control in children with ADHD, and further improve our understanding of the neural substrates of cognitive impairment in children with ADHD.
本研究旨在探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童持续性注意、执行处理和认知控制的神经基础。
采用事件相关功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，比较了 28 名 7-12 岁未经药物治疗的 ADHD 儿童和 31 名健康对照者在三种刺激情境（Go、NoGo、Lure）下进行线索连续绩效任务（AX-CPT）时的大脑激活情况。
与对照组相比，ADHD 患儿在 Lure 条件下左侧额中回、双侧颞中回、左侧楔前叶和右侧小脑后叶的激活增加。与 NoGo 条件相比，ADHD 患儿在 Lure 条件下左侧额下回、右侧额内侧回和右侧顶下小叶的激活增加。
研究结果表明，未经药物治疗的 ADHD 儿童在持续性注意和执行控制相关的神经活动中表现出空间和时间异常。
这些发现表明，ADHD 儿童与持续性注意和执行控制相关的神经回路存在明显的改变，进一步加深了我们对 ADHD 儿童认知障碍神经基础的理解。
