Zuryn Steven, Daniele Thomas, Jarriault Sophie
Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cu Strasbourg, France.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2012 Jan-Feb;1(1):138-52. doi: 10.1002/wdev.7. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
In vitro systems of cellular reprogramming [induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and direct reprogramming or transdifferentiation] are rapidly improving our repertoire of molecular techniques that can force cells in culture to change into a desired identity. However, the new frontier for regenerative medicine is in vivo cellular reprogramming, which in light of concerns about the safety of in vitro cell manipulations, is an increasingly attractive approach for regenerative medicine. Powerful in vivo approaches are currently being undertaken in the genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans. Several very distinct cell types have been induced to change or have been discovered to transform naturally, into altogether different cell types. These examples have improved our understanding of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms that permit cell identity changes in live animals. In addition, the combination of a stereotyped lineage with single cell analyses allows dissection of the early and intermediate mechanisms of reprogramming, as well as their kinetics. As a result, several important concepts on in vivo cellular reprogramming have been recently developed.
细胞重编程的体外系统（诱导多能干细胞以及直接重编程或转分化）正在迅速扩充我们的分子技术库，这些技术能够促使培养中的细胞转变为所需的细胞类型。然而，再生医学的新前沿在于体内细胞重编程，鉴于对体外细胞操作安全性的担忧，这对再生医学而言是一种越来越有吸引力的方法。目前正在遗传模型秀丽隐杆线虫中开展强大的体内研究方法。已经诱导几种非常不同的细胞类型发生改变，或者发现它们自然转变为完全不同的细胞类型。这些实例增进了我们对允许活体动物细胞身份改变的基本分子和细胞机制的理解。此外，定型谱系与单细胞分析相结合，能够剖析重编程的早期和中间机制及其动力学。因此，最近形成了几个关于体内细胞重编程的重要概念。
