Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chronobiol Int. 2013 Aug;30(7):910-8. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2013.789895. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
Although on-campus residence allows easier access to campus facilities, existing studies showed mixed results regarding the relationship between college residence and students' well-being indicators, such as sleep behaviors and mood. There was also a lack of studies investigating the role of chronotype in the relationship between on-campus residence and well-being. In particular, the temporal relationships among these factors were unclear. Hence, this longitudinal study aims to fill in these gaps by first reporting the well-being (measured in terms of mood, sleep, and quality of life) among students living on and off campus across two academic semesters. We explored factors predicting students' dropout in university residences. Although students living on campus differ in their chronotypes, activities in campus residence (if any) are mostly scheduled in the nighttime. We therefore tested if individual differences in chronotype interact with campus residence in affecting well-being. Our final sample consisted of 215 campus residents and 924 off-campus-living students from 10 different universities or colleges in Hong Kong or Macau. Their mean age was 20.2 years (SD=2.3); 6.5% of the participants are female. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires online on their sleep duration, sleep quality, chronotype, mood, and physical and psychological quality of life. Across two academic semesters, we assessed if students living on and off campus differed in our well-being measures after we partialed out the effects of demographic information (including age, sex, family income, and parents' education) and the well-being measures at baseline (T1). The results showed that, campus residents exhibited longer sleep duration, greater sleep efficiency, better sleep quality, and less feeling of stress than off-campus-living students. From one semester to the next, around 10% of campus residents did not continue to live on campus. Logistic regression showed that a morning type was the strongest factor predicting dropout from campus residence. Chronotype significantly moderated the effects of campus residence on participants' physical and psychological quality of life. Although morning-type off-campus-living students have better well-being than their evening-type peers living off campus, morning-type campus residents had worse well-being than other campus residents and they were more likely to discontinue living on campus after one semester. Our findings bear practical significance to college management that morning-type campus residents are shown to be experiencing deteriorating well-being. The authorities may need to review and revise the room-allocation policy in campus residence in improving the well-being among campus residents.
尽管校内住宿可以更方便地使用校园设施，但现有研究表明，大学住宿与学生的幸福感指标（如睡眠行为和情绪）之间的关系存在混合结果。此外，也缺乏研究探讨时型在校园住宿与幸福感之间关系中的作用。特别是，这些因素之间的时间关系尚不清楚。因此，这项纵向研究旨在通过首先报告两个学期内在校内和校外居住的学生的幸福感（以情绪、睡眠和生活质量衡量）来填补这些空白。我们探讨了预测学生退出大学宿舍的因素。尽管校内住宿的学生在时型上存在差异，但校园住宿活动（如果有的话）大多安排在夜间。因此，我们测试了个体时型差异是否会与校园住宿相互作用影响幸福感。我们的最终样本包括来自香港或澳门 10 所不同大学或学院的 215 名校内住宿生和 924 名校外住宿生。他们的平均年龄为 20.2 岁（SD=2.3）；6.5%的参与者为女性。参与者通过在线自我报告问卷完成了关于他们的睡眠时长、睡眠质量、时型、情绪以及身体和心理健康的生活质量的测量。在两个学期内，我们评估了在校内和校外居住的学生在我们的幸福感测量方面是否存在差异，方法是在控制人口统计学信息（包括年龄、性别、家庭收入和父母教育程度）和基线（T1）幸福感测量的影响后。结果表明，与校外居住的学生相比，校内住宿生的睡眠时长更长、睡眠效率更高、睡眠质量更好、压力感更小。从一个学期到下一个学期，约 10%的校内住宿生不再继续在校内居住。逻辑回归显示，晨型是预测退出校园住宿的最强因素。时型显著调节了校园住宿对参与者身体和心理健康的影响。尽管校外晨型学生的幸福感优于晚型同龄人，但校内晨型住宿生的幸福感比其他校内住宿生差，而且他们在一个学期后更有可能不再继续在校内居住。我们的研究结果对学院管理具有实际意义，表明晨型校内住宿生的幸福感正在恶化。当局可能需要审查和修改校园住宿的房间分配政策，以提高校内住宿生的幸福感。
