Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China.
Mass Spectrom Rev. 2013 Nov-Dec;32(6):420-52. doi: 10.1002/mas.21377. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
Mass spectrometric techniques are essential for advanced research in food safety and environmental monitoring. These fields are important for securing the health of humans and animals, and for ensuring environmental security. Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, are major contaminants of agricultural products, food and feed, biological samples, and the environment as a whole. Mycotoxins can cause cancers, nephritic and hepatic diseases, various hemorrhagic syndromes, and immune and neurological disorders. Mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed can provoke trade conflicts, resulting in massive economic losses. Risk assessment of mycotoxin contamination for humans and animals generally depends on clear identification and reliable quantitation in diversified matrices. Pioneering work on mycotoxin quantitation using mass spectrometry (MS) was performed in the early 1970s. Now, unambiguous confirmation and quantitation of mycotoxins can be readily achieved with a variety hyphenated techniques that combine chromatographic separation with MS, including liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC). With the advent of atmospheric pressure ionization, LC-MS has become a routine technique. Recently, the co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in the same sample has drawn an increasing amount of attention. Thus, modern analyses must be able to detect and quantitate multiple mycotoxins in a single run. Improvements in tandem MS techniques have been made to achieve this purpose. This review describes the advanced research that has been done regarding mycotoxin determination using hyphenated chromatographic-MS techniques, but is not a full-circle survey of all the literature published on this topic. The present work provides an overview of the various hyphenated chromatographic-MS-based strategies that have been applied to mycotoxin analysis, with a focus on recent developments. The use of chromatographic-MS to measure levels of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and fumonisins, is discussed in detail. Both free and masked mycotoxins are included in this review due to different methods of sample preparation. Techniques are described in terms of sample preparation, internal standards, LC/ultra performance LC (UPLC) optimization, and applications and survey. Several future hyphenated MS techniques are discussed as well, including multidimensional chromatography-MS, capillary electrophoresis-MS, and surface plasmon resonance array-MS.
质谱技术是食品安全和环境监测领域的重要研究手段。这些领域对于保障人类和动物的健康以及确保环境安全至关重要。真菌毒素是丝状真菌的有毒次生代谢物，是农产品、食品和饲料、生物样本以及整个环境的主要污染物。真菌毒素可导致癌症、肾病和肝病、各种出血综合征以及免疫和神经系统紊乱。受真菌毒素污染的食物和饲料会引发贸易冲突，造成巨大的经济损失。人类和动物的真菌毒素污染风险评估通常依赖于在多样化的基质中进行明确的识别和可靠的定量。20 世纪 70 年代早期，就已经开展了使用质谱（MS）进行真菌毒素定量的开创性工作。现在，通过各种色谱分离与 MS 联用的技术，包括液相色谱（LC）或气相色谱（GC），可以轻松实现真菌毒素的明确确认和定量。大气压电离的出现使 LC-MS 成为常规技术。最近，同一样品中多种真菌毒素的同时出现引起了越来越多的关注。因此，现代分析必须能够在单次运行中检测和定量多种真菌毒素。串联 MS 技术的改进已经实现了这一目的。本综述描述了使用联用色谱-MS 技术进行真菌毒素测定的高级研究，但并非对该主题发表的所有文献进行全面综述。本工作概述了应用于真菌毒素分析的各种联用色谱-MS 策略，重点介绍了最新的进展。详细讨论了包括黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、棒曲霉素、单端孢霉烯族化合物、玉米赤霉烯酮和伏马菌素在内的色谱-MS 测量真菌毒素水平的方法。由于样品制备方法不同，本综述同时包括了游离和掩蔽真菌毒素。文中描述了样品制备、内标物、LC/超高效 LC（UPLC）优化以及应用和综述等方面的内容。还讨论了几种未来的联用 MS 技术，包括多维色谱-MS、毛细管电泳-MS 和表面等离子体共振阵列-MS。
