Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Forensic Sci Int. 2013 Sep 10;231(1-3):401.e1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.05.030. Epub 2013 Jun 24.
Several studies described tooth development as a reliable pathway for age estimations. Depending on the considered life span, the dental age indicators vary. In children, combinations of developing teeth provide the best information about age. In sub adults third molar mineralization is almost exclusively considered. The aim of this study was, firstly, to verify the Willems model in a Brazilian sample. Secondly, to observe differences between the Willems model and a new developed Brazilian model. Thirdly, the information of permanent teeth (PM) and third molar (TM), development was combined for age estimation in children. A sample of 1357 panoramic radiographs of Brazilian males (M) and females (F), with age between 5 and 23 years was collected. The technique of Gleiser and Hunt modified by Kohler (1955) [34] was applied for third molar staging in the entire sample. The Demirjian staging technique was used on the mandibular left permanent teeth (except third molars) of all individuals from 5 to 15 years. Kappa and weighted Kappa statistics were performed to verify inter- and intra-observer reliabilities. Based on the obtained Demirjian scores the Willems model was verified. Next the data were split to develop a new Brazilian model based on the Willems method and to verify the established model. The accuracy in age prediction between the Willems model and the new Brazilian model was compared. Additionally, regression models including PM, TM and PM plus TM information were compared. The Kappa and weighted Kappa statistics revealed high agreement between observers (0.88 Kappa; 0.93 weighted Kappa). The differences between predicted and chronological age for the verified Willems model were expressed in mean errors of -0.17 and -0.38 year for F and M respectively. The differences in mean error between the new developed Brazilian model and the Willems model were 0.02 (F) and 0.20 (M) year. The regression models combining PT and TM information provided only in the age range between 14 and 15.99 years a small decrease in root mean squared error (0.2 year) in females. The new developed Brazilian model provided similar age predicting performances as the Willems et al. model. Added TM was only providing more accurate age estimations in the ages of 14 and 15 year in F.
几项研究描述了牙齿发育作为年龄估计的可靠途径。根据所考虑的寿命，牙齿年龄指标有所不同。在儿童中，发育中的牙齿组合提供了有关年龄的最佳信息。在未成年人中，第三磨牙矿化几乎完全被认为是。本研究的目的是，首先，在巴西样本中验证 Willems 模型。其次，观察 Willems 模型与新开发的巴西模型之间的差异。第三，将恒牙（PM）和第三磨牙（TM）的发育信息结合起来，以估计儿童的年龄。收集了 1357 名巴西男性（M）和女性（F）的全景 X 光片样本，年龄在 5 至 23 岁之间。应用 Gleiser 和 Hunt 修改的 Kohler 技术（1955 年）[34]对整个样本的第三磨牙进行分期。在所有 5 至 15 岁的个体的下颌左侧恒齿（第三磨牙除外）上使用 Demirjian 分期技术。为了验证观察者之间和观察者内部的可靠性，进行了 Kappa 和加权 Kappa 统计。基于获得的 Demirjian 分数，验证了 Willems 模型。接下来，根据 Willems 方法将数据分开以开发新的巴西模型，并验证已建立的模型。比较了 Willems 模型和新巴西模型在年龄预测中的准确性。此外，还比较了包含 PM、TM 和 PM 加 TM 信息的回归模型。Kappa 和加权 Kappa 统计显示观察者之间具有高度一致性（0.88 Kappa；0.93 加权 Kappa）。经验证的 Willems 模型预测年龄与实际年龄的差异分别表示为女性为-0.17 岁和男性为-0.38 岁。新开发的巴西模型与 Willems 模型之间的平均误差差异为 0.02 岁（女性）和 0.20 岁（男性）。结合 PT 和 TM 信息的回归模型仅在 14 至 15.99 岁的年龄范围内提供了根均方误差（0.2 岁）的微小降低。新开发的巴西模型提供了与 Willems 等人相似的年龄预测性能。模型。在女性中，仅在 14 岁和 15 岁时添加 TM 可提供更准确的年龄估计。
