Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Semin Oncol. 2013 Jun;40(3):244-58. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.04.001.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US males. Clinically, locally confined disease is treated surgically and/or with radiation therapy. Invasive disease, however, must be treated with pharmacological inhibitors of androgen receptor (AR) activity, since disease progression is fundamentally reliant on AR activation. However, despite initially effective treatment options, recurrent castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) often occurs due to aberrant reactivation of AR. Additionally, it is appreciated that many other signaling molecules, such as transcription factors, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors, are often perturbed and significantly contribute to PCa initiation and progression to incurable disease. Understanding the interplay between AR signaling and other signaling networks altered in PCa will advance therapeutic approaches. Overall, comprehension of the molecular composition promoting neoplastic growth and formation of CRPC is paramount for developing durable treatment options.
前列腺癌（PCa）是美国男性中最常见的非皮肤恶性肿瘤，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。临床上，局限性疾病通过手术和/或放射治疗进行治疗。然而，侵袭性疾病必须用雄激素受体（AR）活性的药理抑制剂进行治疗，因为疾病的进展从根本上依赖于 AR 的激活。然而，尽管最初有有效的治疗选择，但由于 AR 的异常重新激活，经常发生复发性去势抵抗性前列腺癌（CRPC）。此外，人们认识到，许多其他信号分子，如转录因子、癌基因和肿瘤抑制因子，经常受到干扰，并对前列腺癌的发生和发展到不可治愈的疾病有重要贡献。了解 AR 信号与前列腺癌中改变的其他信号网络之间的相互作用将推进治疗方法。总的来说，理解促进肿瘤生长和形成 CRPC 的分子组成对于开发持久的治疗选择至关重要。
