Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Semin Oncol. 2013 Jun;40(3):259-75. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.04.002.
Prostate cancer (PCa), a highly heterogeneous disease, is the one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries. Historically used biomarkers such as prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and its precursor have not stood the challenge of sensitivity and specificity. At present, there is need to re-evaluate the approach to diagnose and monitor PCa. To this end, molecular markers that can accurately identify men with PCa at an early stage, and those who would benefit from early therapeutic intervention, are the need of the hour. There has been unprecedented progress in the development of new PCa biomarkers through advancements in proteomics, tissue DNA and protein/RNA microarray, identification of microRNA, isolation of circulating tumor cells, and tumor immunohistochemistry. This review will examine the current status of prostate cancer biomarkers with emphasis on emerging biomarkers by evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic potentials.
前列腺癌（PCa）是一种高度异质性的疾病，是发达国家发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。历史上使用的生物标志物，如前列腺酸性磷酸酶（PAP）、血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）及其前体，都没有经受住敏感性和特异性的挑战。目前，需要重新评估诊断和监测 PCa 的方法。为此，需要能够在早期准确识别患有 PCa 的男性以及那些将从早期治疗干预中受益的男性的分子标志物。通过蛋白质组学、组织 DNA 和蛋白质/RNA 微阵列、microRNA 的鉴定、循环肿瘤细胞的分离以及肿瘤免疫组织化学的进步，新的 PCa 生物标志物的开发取得了前所未有的进展。本综述将检查前列腺癌生物标志物的现状，重点介绍通过评估其诊断和预后潜力而出现的新兴生物标志物。
