School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 261Cheomdan-gwagiro, (Oryong-dong) Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Jan;21(1):220-33. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1858-8. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
To assess the concentration and status of metal contaminants in four major Southeast Asian river systems, water were collected from the Tonle Sap-Bassac Rivers (Cambodia), Citarum River (Indonesia), lower Chao Phraya River (Thailand), and Saigon River (Vietnam) in both dry and wet seasons. The target elements were Be, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, Tl, and Pb and the concentrations exceeded the background metal concentrations by 1- to 88-fold. This distinctly indicates enrichment by human urban area activities. The results of a normalization technique used to distinguish natural from enriched metal concentrations confirmed contamination by Al, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Cluster analysis revealed the probable source of metals contamination in most sampling sites on all rivers studied to be anthropogenic, including industrial, commercial, and residential activities. Stable lead isotopes analyses applied to track the sources and pathways of anthropogenic lead furthermore confirmed that anthropogenic sources of metal contaminated these rivers. Discharges of wastewater from both industrial and household activities were major contributors of Pb into the rivers. Non-point sources, especially road runoff and street dust, also contributed contamination from Pb and other metals.
为了评估四大东南亚河流系统中金属污染物的浓度和状态，我们在旱季和雨季分别从洞里萨湖-巴萨克河（柬埔寨）、芝塔龙河（印度尼西亚）、下昭披耶河（泰国）和西贡河（越南）采集了水样。目标元素包括 Be、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Ba、Tl 和 Pb，其浓度超过了背景金属浓度的 1 至 88 倍。这明显表明了人类城市活动导致了金属的富集。一种用于区分自然和富集金属浓度的归一化技术的结果证实了 Al、Cd、Co、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 的污染。聚类分析揭示了在所研究的所有河流的大多数采样点，金属污染的可能来源是人为的，包括工业、商业和住宅活动。稳定的铅同位素分析用于追踪人为铅的来源和途径，进一步证实了人为来源污染了这些河流。工业和家庭活动排放的废水是 Pb 进入河流的主要贡献者。非点源，特别是道路径流和街道灰尘，也导致了 Pb 和其他金属的污染。
