Ignatyev Yuriy, Mundt Adrian P
Department of Communication Communicative Skills, Psychotherapy, General and Medical Psychology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2014 Oct;16(5):985-9. doi: 10.1007/s10903-013-9865-x.
The aim of this study was to describe the association of current smoking and nicotine dependence with psychological distress in socially disadvantaged urban areas of Germany and Kazakhstan. Random samples of people living in disadvantaged areas of Berlin, Germany, and Almaty, Kazakhstan, were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire with 28 items and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The association of both current smoking and nicotine dependence with psychological distress was assessed for each sample using linear regression analyses and compared between the two samples calculating t-values for the comparison of B-coefficients. Current smoking was equally associated with psychological distress in both countries, whereas the association of nicotine dependence and psychological distress was only seen for the Kazakh sample and significantly stronger than for the German sample. The results could not be explained by social characteristics. Possibly due to the lack of outpatient community mental health services for the treatment of common mental disorders, nicotine dependence was associated with psychological distress in the disadvantaged area of Kazakhstan.
本研究的目的是描述德国和哈萨克斯坦社会弱势城市地区当前吸烟和尼古丁依赖与心理困扰之间的关联。使用28项一般健康问卷和尼古丁依赖的法格斯特龙测试对居住在德国柏林和哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图弱势地区的人群随机样本进行评估。对每个样本使用线性回归分析评估当前吸烟和尼古丁依赖与心理困扰之间的关联，并通过计算B系数比较的t值在两个样本之间进行比较。在两国，当前吸烟与心理困扰的关联程度相同，而尼古丁依赖与心理困扰的关联仅在哈萨克样本中可见，且显著强于德国样本。这些结果无法用社会特征来解释。可能由于缺乏用于治疗常见精神障碍的门诊社区心理健康服务，在哈萨克斯坦的弱势地区，尼古丁依赖与心理困扰相关。
