CESUR - DECivil - Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Nov;60:305-15. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.013. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
The perception of drivers regarding risk-taking behaviour is widely varied. High-risk drivers are the segment of drivers who are disproportionately represented in the majority of crashes. This study examines the typologies of drivers in risk-taking behaviour, the common high-risk driving errors (speeding, close following, abrupt lane-changing and impaired driving), their safety consequences and the technological (ITS) devices for their detection and correction. Limiting the driving degree of freedom of high-risk drivers is proposed and its benefits on safety as well as traffic operations are quantified using VISSIM microscopic traffic simulation at various proportions of high-risk drivers; namely, 4%, 8% and 12%. Assessment of the safety benefits was carried out by using the technique of simulated vehicle conflicts which was validated against historic crashes, and reduction in travel time was used to quantify the operational benefits. The findings imply that limiting the freedom of high-risk drivers resulted in a reduction of crashes by 12%, 21% and 27% in congested traffic conditions; 9%, 13% and 18% in lightly congested traffic conditions as well as 9%, 10% and 17% in non-congested traffic conditions for high-risk drivers in proportions of 4%, 8% and 12% respectively. Moreover, the surrogate safety measures indicated that there was a reduction in crash severity levels. The operational benefits amounted to savings of nearly 1% in travel time for all the proportions of high-risk drivers considered. The study concluded that limiting the freedom of high-risk drivers has safety and operational benefits; though there could be social, legal and institutional concerns for its practical implementation.
驾驶员对冒险行为的看法差异很大。高风险驾驶员是大多数事故中不成比例的驾驶员群体。本研究考察了冒险行为驾驶员的类型、常见的高风险驾驶错误（超速、跟车过近、突然变道和酒后驾驶）、其安全后果以及用于检测和纠正这些错误的技术（ITS）设备。本研究提出限制高风险驾驶员的驾驶自由度，并通过在不同高风险驾驶员比例（4%、8%和 12%）下使用 VISSIM 微观交通仿真来量化其对安全性和交通运行的好处。通过使用模拟车辆冲突技术对安全效益进行评估，该技术通过与历史碰撞进行了验证，并通过减少旅行时间来量化运营效益。研究结果表明，在拥挤的交通条件下，限制高风险驾驶员的自由可将碰撞事故减少 12%、21%和 27%；在轻度拥挤的交通条件下可减少 9%、13%和 18%；在非拥挤的交通条件下可减少 9%、10%和 17%，分别为高风险驾驶员比例为 4%、8%和 12%。此外，替代安全措施表明，碰撞严重程度有所降低。所有考虑的高风险驾驶员比例的旅行时间节省了近 1%的运营效益。研究结论表明，限制高风险驾驶员的自由具有安全和运营效益；尽管在实际实施方面可能存在社会、法律和制度方面的担忧。
