Department of Development and Socialization Processes Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Nov;42(6):1689-96. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.008. Epub 2010 May 15.
The present study aimed to identify, in a large Italian sample of young, novice drivers, specific subtypes of drivers on the basis of combinations of self-reported personality traits (i.e., driving anger, anxiety, angry hostility, excitement-seeking, altruism, normlessness and driving locus of control) and to evaluate their high-risk driving behaviors not only in terms of traffic rule violations and risk-taking behaviors, but also in terms of driving errors and lapses as measured by the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire. Participants were 1008 high school students between the ages of 18 and 23 years, with valid driver's licenses. On the basis of a cluster analysis of the personality variables, three easily interpretable driver subgroups were identified (risky drivers, worried drivers and careful drivers) that differed on self-reported accident involvement, attitudes toward traffic safety and risk perception, as well as on driving violations, errors, and lapses. The inclusion of internal and external driving locus of control, variables not previously considered in similar cluster studies, provided a relevant contribution to the final cluster solution. Further, the use of the Driving Behavior Questionnaire permitted the differentiation between deliberate deviations from safe driving practices and mistakes due to misjudgments or lapses in attention. This distinction was critical for understanding the behavior of each of the three identified subgroups of drivers, and for planning interventions to promote safe driving.
本研究旨在基于自我报告的人格特质（即驾驶愤怒、焦虑、愤怒敌意、寻求刺激、利他主义、无规范和驾驶控制源），在一个意大利年轻新手司机的大样本中识别出特定的驾驶员亚组，并评估他们的高风险驾驶行为，不仅要考虑到违反交通规则和冒险行为，还要考虑到驾驶错误和失误，这是通过曼彻斯特驾驶员行为问卷来衡量的。参与者是 1008 名年龄在 18 至 23 岁之间、持有有效驾照的高中生。基于人格变量的聚类分析，确定了三个易于解释的驾驶员亚组（冒险驾驶员、担忧驾驶员和谨慎驾驶员），他们在自我报告的事故卷入、对交通安全和风险认知的态度，以及驾驶违规、错误和失误方面存在差异。内部和外部驾驶控制源的纳入为最终的聚类解决方案提供了一个重要的贡献，这两个变量在以前的类似聚类研究中没有被考虑到。此外，使用驾驶行为问卷可以区分故意偏离安全驾驶实践的行为和由于判断错误或注意力不集中而导致的错误。这种区分对于理解这三个已确定的驾驶员亚组中的每一组的行为以及规划促进安全驾驶的干预措施至关重要。
