Zheljazkov Valtcho D, Vick Brady, Ebelhar Wayne, Buehring Normie, Astatkie Tess
University of Wyoming, Sheridan Research and Extension Center, Sheridan, WI 82801, USA.
J Oleo Sci. 2013;62(7):453-8. doi: 10.5650/jos.62.453.
There is increased interest in winter canola as an oilseeds crop for production of oil or biodiesel in the southeastern United States, but research has been limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha⁻¹) on productivity, oil content and oil composition of winter canola grown for two cropping seasons at three locations in Mississippi (Stoneville, and two locations at Verona: Verona upland silt loam, Verona-SL and Verona upland clay, Verona-C). Overall, increasing N application rates resulted in corresponding stepwise increase in seed yields in the two locations at Verona, whereas yields in the 60 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ at Stoneville were not different from each other. Seed yields reached 3,383 and 3,166 kg ha⁻¹ in the 180 kg N treatment at Verona and at Stoneville, respectively. Oil yields were also increased with increasing N rates, however, oil yields at 60 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ at Verona-C were not different from each other. Oil yields in the 180 kg N ha⁻¹ treatment reached 1,363 and 1,151 kg ha⁻¹ at Verona-SL and Stoneville, respectively. At Verona-SL location, higher N rates resulted in increased stearic acid compared to the lower N rates. However, the reverse effect was observed on the concentration of linolenic acid, which was lower at higher N rates. Also at that location, N application reduced the concentration of linoleic acid. At the Verona-C location, N application at 180 kg N ha⁻¹ reduced concentration of linolenic acid relative to the other fertility treatments. Overall, the increase in N application rates resulted in greater yield (kg FA ha⁻¹) of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosanoic, behenic, lignoceric and nervonic acids in all three locations, with N at 0 kg ha⁻¹ providing the lowest yields and N at 180 kg ha⁻¹ providing the highest yields. Winter canola production in the hot humid environment of southeastern United States can be successful and could provide seed and oil yields comparable to yields from major winter canola production areas.
在美国东南部，作为一种用于生产食用油或生物柴油的油料作物，冬油菜越来越受到关注，但相关研究有限。本研究的目的是评估在密西西比州的三个地点（斯通维尔以及维罗纳的两个地点：维罗纳高地粉砂壤土，维罗纳-SL；维罗纳高地黏土，维罗纳-C），施氮量（0、60、120、180千克氮/公顷）对冬油菜两个种植季的生产力、含油量和油成分的影响。总体而言，在维罗纳的两个地点，随着施氮量增加，种子产量相应逐步提高，而在斯通维尔，60千克氮/公顷和120千克氮/公顷处理的产量没有差异。在维罗纳和斯通维尔，180千克氮处理的种子产量分别达到3383千克/公顷和3166千克/公顷。油产量也随着施氮量增加而提高，然而，在维罗纳-C，60千克氮/公顷和120千克氮/公顷处理的油产量没有差异。在维罗纳-SL和斯通维尔，180千克氮/公顷处理的油产量分别达到1363千克/公顷和1151千克/公顷。在维罗纳-SL地点，与低施氮量相比，高施氮量导致硬脂酸增加。然而，对亚麻酸浓度观察到相反的影响，高施氮量下其浓度较低。同样在该地点，施氮降低了亚油酸浓度。在维罗纳-C地点，相对于其他施肥处理，180千克氮/公顷施氮降低了亚麻酸浓度。总体而言，施氮量增加导致所有三个地点棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、二十烷酸、山嵛酸、木蜡酸和神经酸的产量（千克脂肪酸/公顷）更高，0千克氮/公顷的产量最低，180千克氮/公顷的产量最高。在美国东南部炎热潮湿的环境中，冬油菜生产可以成功，并且种子和油产量可与主要冬油菜产区的产量相媲美。
