Benito-Martínez E, Martínez-Amat A, Lara-Sánchez A J, Berdejo-Del-Fresno D, Martínez-López E J
Physiotherapist of Care Physiotherapy Clinic (Spain) Physiotherapist of FEDDI, Collaborator of RFEA (Royal Spanish Athletics Federation), Spain -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013 Aug;53(4):387-95.
The aim of this paper was to analyze the effects of training combining plyometrics (PT) and neuromuscular electrostimulation (ES) on speed training and triple jump. The study consisted on the application of an electrostimulation protocol and plyometric jumps to four groups of young athletes (Control, G II, G III and G IV).
Eighty-four young athletes took part in the study (40 girls and 44 boys). All of them were sprinters (100 and 200 meters dash, and 100 and 110 hurdles meters), their mean age, weight and height being 15.9±1.4 years old, 58.53±8.05 kg, and 1.68±0.07 m, respectively. After 8 weeks of training, a 30-meter sprint launched test -time being measured by photoelectric cells - and a triple jump test from static position were completed. Repeated measures ANCOVA were used.
The only group that improved significantly in the speed test (P<0.001) relative to the control group was G IV. In the triple jump test, improvements were significant, (P<0.05) and (P<0.01), in G II and G IV, respectively, relative to the control group. The results of ES + PT combined training offered no significant differences in either speed test and triple jump by gender.
The most effective training aimed at improving the speed of 30 m is simultaneous combined training. Regarding triple jump, the results showed significant improvements in the performance of athletes who used both simultaneous combined training and used ES followed by plyometrics. However, no significant improvement was observed after PT training prior to ES.
本文旨在分析结合增强式训练（PT）和神经肌肉电刺激（ES）的训练对速度训练和三级跳远的影响。该研究包括对四组年轻运动员（对照组、第二组、第三组和第四组）应用电刺激方案和增强式跳跃。
84名年轻运动员参与了该研究（40名女孩和44名男孩）。他们均为短跑运动员（100米和200米短跑，以及100米和110米跨栏），平均年龄、体重和身高分别为15.9±1.4岁、58.53±8.05千克和1.68±0.07米。经过8周的训练后，完成了一项30米短跑起跑测试（通过光电管测量时间）和一项从静止位置开始的三级跳远测试。采用重复测量协方差分析。
相对于对照组，在速度测试中显著提高（P<0.001）的唯一组是第四组。在三级跳远测试中，第二组和第四组相对于对照组分别有显著提高（P<0.05）和（P<0.01）。ES+PT组合训练的结果在速度测试和三级跳远中按性别均无显著差异。
旨在提高30米速度的最有效训练是同步组合训练。关于三级跳远，结果显示，同时使用组合训练以及先进行ES再进行增强式训练的运动员的成绩有显著提高。然而，在ES之前进行PT训练后未观察到显著改善。
