Howe N R, Sheikh Y M
Science. 1975 Aug 1;189(4200):386-8. doi: 10.1126/science.238286.
The sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima responds with characteristic contraction to a pheromone released by wounded conspecifics. The alarm pheromone was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as the quaternary ammonium ion (3-carboxy-2, 3-dihydroxy-N, N, N-trimethyl)-1-propanaminium. Median effective concentration of the crystalline pheromone is 3.5 X 10-minus 10 mole per liter of seawater.
海葵优雅大海葵（Anthopleura elegantissima）会对受伤同类释放的信息素产生特征性收缩反应。警报信息素通过离子交换色谱法分离，并通过化学和光谱方法鉴定为季铵离子（3-羧基-2,3-二羟基-N,N,N-三甲基）-1-丙铵。结晶信息素的半数有效浓度为每升海水3.5×10⁻¹⁰摩尔。
