Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, 6425 Penn Ave., Suite 400 (151R-B), Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
Hum Factors. 2013 Jun;55(3):567-80. doi: 10.1177/0018720812460549.
The aim of this study was to determine how selected environmental factors affect transfers and to compare our results to the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).
Few data are available to support standards development related to transfers in the built environment.
Participants were 120 wheeled mobility device (WMD) users who transferred to and from a modular transfer station that consisted of a height-adjustable platform with a lateral grab bar, optional obstacle to the transfer, and an optional height-adjustable front grab bar. Maximum and minimum vertical heights of the transfer surface, maximum gap distance between the WMD and transfer surface, grab bar use, and WMD space needs were recorded.
The 95th percentile lowest and highest heights attained were similar to the median WMD seat-to-floor height (56 cm).We found that 42% (47/113) could not perform a transfer with the obstacle present. Participants transferred higher when the front grab bar was added to the setup (p = .005) and higher and lower with the front grab bar than without it when the obstacle was present in the setup (p = .003 and p = .005, respectively). We found that 95% of participants performed a transfer across an 8.9-cm gap. ADAAG recommendations fall short for the height and clear-space needs of the 50th-percentile WMD users.
Revisions concerning transfer heights, gaps, clear spaces, and grab bar heights are necessary to make transfers more accessible to WMD users.
The data will be used to revise the guidelines related to transfers and to enable designers and engineers to create an environment that is more accessible.
本研究旨在确定选定的环境因素如何影响转移，并将我们的结果与美国残疾人法案可访问性指南（ADAAG）进行比较。
几乎没有数据可以支持与建筑环境中转相关的标准制定。
参与者为 120 名使用轮椅移动设备（WMD）的人，他们从模块化转移站转移，该转移站由可调节高度的平台组成，平台上有横向抓杆、可选的转移障碍物和可调节高度的前抓杆。记录了转移表面的最大和最小垂直高度、WMD 和转移表面之间的最大间隙距离、抓杆使用情况和 WMD 空间需求。
达到的 95%最低和最高高度与中位数 WMD 座椅到地面高度（56cm）相似。我们发现，42%（47/113）在存在障碍物的情况下无法进行转移。当在设置中添加前抓杆时，参与者的转移高度更高（p=0.005），并且当障碍物存在于设置中时，带有前抓杆的转移高度高于没有前抓杆时的转移高度（p=0.003 和 p=0.005）。我们发现，95%的参与者可以跨越 8.9 厘米的间隙进行转移。ADAAG 建议在 WMD 用户的高度和净空需求方面存在不足。
需要对转移高度、间隙、净空和抓杆高度进行修订，以使 WMD 用户更容易进行转移。
这些数据将用于修订与转移相关的指南，并使设计师和工程师能够创造一个更便于访问的环境。
