Unidad Docente de Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2013 Oct;93(6):1117-24. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.032. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
This research was conducted in the middle Duratón River (Central Spain), in the vicinity of Burgomillodo Reservoir. An industrial effluent enters the river 300 m downstream from the dam. Fluoride and turbidity levels significantly increased downstream from the effluent, these levels being to some extent affected by differential water releases from the dam. The community of submersed macrophytes exhibited slighter responses and, accordingly, lower discriminatory power than the community of benthic macroinvertebrates, this indicating that metrics and indices based on macroinvertebrates may be more suitable for the biological monitoring of water pollution and habitat degradation in dammed rivers receiving industrial effluents. However, in relation to fluoride bioaccumulation at the organism level, macrophytes (Fontinalis antipyretica and Potamogeton pectinatus) were as suitable bioindicators of fluoride pollution as macroinvertebrates (Ancylus fluviatilis and Pacifastacus leniusculus). Fluoride bioaccumulation in both hard and soft tissues of these aquatic organisms could be used as suitable bioindicator of fluoride pollution (even lower than 1 mg F(-)L(-1)) in freshwater ecosystems. Echinogammarus calvus exhibited a great sensitivity to the toxicity of fluoride ions, with a 96 h LC₅₀ of 7.5 mg F(-)L(-1) and an estimated safe concentration of 0.56 mg F(-)L(-1). The great capacity of E. calvus to take up and retain fluoride during exposures to fluoride ions would be a major cause of its great sensitivity to fluoride toxicity. It is concluded that the observed fluoride pollution might be partly responsible for the absence of this native amphipod downstream from the industrial effluent.
本研究在西班牙中部的杜拉通河（Duratón River）进行，位于布尔戈米洛多（Burgomillodo）水库附近。一条工业废水在大坝下游 300 米处流入河流。氟化物和浊度水平在废水下游显著增加，这些水平在一定程度上受到大坝不同放水的影响。沉水植物群落的反应较小，因此，其区分能力低于底栖大型无脊椎动物群落，这表明基于大型无脊椎动物的指标和指数可能更适合监测受工业废水影响的大坝河流的水污染和生境退化。然而，就氟化物在生物体内的生物积累而言，大型植物（Fontinalis antipyretica 和 Potamogeton pectinatus）作为氟污染的生物指示剂与大型无脊椎动物（Ancylus fluviatilis 和 Pacifastacus leniusculus）一样合适。这些水生生物的硬组织和软组织中氟化物的生物积累可以用作淡水生态系统中氟污染的合适生物指示剂（甚至低于 1 mg F(-)L(-1)）。Echinogammarus calvus 对氟离子的毒性非常敏感，其 96 h LC₅₀为 7.5 mg F(-)L(-1)，估计安全浓度为 0.56 mg F(-)L(-1)。E. calvus 在暴露于氟离子时吸收和保留氟化物的巨大能力是其对氟毒性非常敏感的主要原因。研究结论表明，观察到的氟污染可能是该工业废水下游这种本地片脚类动物缺失的部分原因。
