Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Addiction. 2013 Nov;108(11):1933-41. doi: 10.1111/add.12294. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
To estimate the association between hazardous drinking and suicide among working-age Russian males.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Data are from the Izhevsk Family Study (IFS), a population-based case-control study of premature mortality among working-age Russian men. The present study used two sets of cases: all men aged 25-54 years living in Izhevsk who, during October 2003-October 2005, (i) died of suicide (n = 120) or (ii) died of suicide or of injuries of undetermined intent (n = 231). Controls were selected at random from a city population register. Drinking data were obtained from proxy informants living in the same household as cases and controls. Drinking exposures were defined by liters of ethanol consumed as a continuous variable, liters of ethanol as a categorical variable, frequency of consumption of non-beverage alcohol (e.g. colognes, medicines, cleaning fluids) and a measure of problem drinking based on behavioral indicators. The association between hazardous drinking and suicide was estimated by mortality odds ratios, adjusting for age, marital status, education and smoking status.
A total of 57% of cases and 20% of controls were problem drinkers. Men who drank 20+ liters of ethanol in the prior year were 2.7 times more likely [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-5.0] to die from suicide than moderate drinkers. Men who drank non-beverage alcohols one to two times/week were 3.9 times more likely (95% CI, 1.3-11.0) to die from suicide than men who rarely or never drank them. Problem drinkers were 3.7 times more likely (95% CI, 2.5-5.6) to die from suicide relative to non-problem drinkers. Forty-three per cent of suicides were attributed to hazardous drinking (problem drinking or consuming non-beverage alcohol at least once/week or both).
Hazardous drinking substantially increases the risk of suicide among working-age Russian males, with nearly half of all suicides attributed to this drinking pattern.
评估危险饮酒与俄罗斯工作年龄段男性自杀之间的关联。
设计、地点、参与者和测量方法：数据来自伊热夫斯克家庭研究（IFS），这是一项针对俄罗斯工作年龄段男性过早死亡的基于人群的病例对照研究。本研究使用了两组病例：所有 25-54 岁居住在伊热夫斯克的男性，（i）死于自杀（n=120）或（ii）死于自杀或原因不明的伤害（n=231）。对照者从城市人口登记册中随机选择。饮酒数据由与病例和对照者同住一个家庭的代理人提供。饮酒暴露量根据作为连续变量的乙醇摄入量、作为分类变量的乙醇摄入量、非饮料酒精的消费频率（如古龙水、药品、清洁液）以及基于行为指标的饮酒问题衡量标准来定义。通过调整年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度和吸烟状况，用死亡率比值比来估计危险饮酒与自杀之间的关联。
共有 57%的病例和 20%的对照者为饮酒问题者。与适量饮酒者相比，在过去一年中饮用 20 升以上乙醇的男性自杀死亡的可能性高出 2.7 倍（95%置信区间[CI]：1.5-5.0）。每周饮用一到两次非饮料酒精的男性自杀死亡的可能性高出 3.9 倍（95%CI，1.3-11.0），而很少或从不饮用非饮料酒精的男性自杀死亡的可能性较低。与非饮酒问题者相比，饮酒问题者自杀的可能性高出 3.7 倍（95%CI，2.5-5.6）。43%的自杀归因于危险饮酒（饮酒问题或每周至少饮用一次非饮料酒精或两者兼有）。
危险饮酒大大增加了俄罗斯工作年龄段男性自杀的风险，近一半的自杀归因于这种饮酒模式。
