a University College Physiotherapy , Landquart , Switzerland.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(4):301-8. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2013.813971. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
The aim of this study was to describe the physiques of Ironman athletes and the relationship between Ironman's performance, training and somatotype. A total of 165 male and 22 female competitors of the Ironman Switzerland volunteered in this study. Ten anthropometric dimensions were measured, and 12 training and history variables were recorded with a questionnaire. The variables were compared with the race performance. The somatotype was a strong predictor of Ironman performance (R=0.535; R(2)=0.286; sign. p<0.001) in male athletes. The endomorphy component was the most substantial predictor. Reductions in endomorphy by one standard deviation as well as an increased ectomorphy value by one standard deviation lead to significant and substantial improvement in Ironman performance (28.1 and 29.8 minutes, respectively). An ideal somatotype of 1.7-4.9-2.8 could be established. Age and quantitative training effort were not significant predictors on Ironman performance. In female athletes, no relationship between somatotype, training and performance was found. The somatotype of a male athlete defines for 28.6% variance in Ironman performance. Athletes not having an ideal somatotype of 1.7-4.9-2.8 could improve their performance by altering their somatotype. Lower rates in endomorphy, as well as higher rates in ectomorphy, resulted in a significant better race performance. The impact of somatotype was the most distinguished on the run discipline and had a much greater impact on the total race time than the quantitative training effort. These findings could not be found in female athletes.
本研究旨在描述铁人三项运动员的体型，以及铁人三项的表现、训练和体型之间的关系。共有 165 名男性和 22 名女性铁人三项运动员自愿参加了这项研究。测量了 10 个体型维度，并通过问卷记录了 12 个训练和历史变量。将这些变量与比赛成绩进行了比较。体型是男性运动员铁人三项表现的一个强有力的预测指标（R=0.535；R²=0.286；显著 p<0.001）。内胚层成分是最重要的预测指标。内胚层减少一个标准差，外胚层增加一个标准差，铁人三项成绩会显著提高（分别为 28.1 和 29.8 分钟）。可以建立一个理想的体型为 1.7-4.9-2.8。年龄和定量训练量不是铁人三项表现的显著预测指标。在女性运动员中，体型、训练和表现之间没有关系。男性运动员的体型决定了铁人三项表现的 28.6%的差异。体型不理想的运动员可以通过改变体型来提高成绩。内胚层率降低，外胚层率升高，会导致比赛成绩显著提高。体型的影响在跑步项目中最为显著，对总比赛时间的影响比定量训练量更大。这些发现无法在女性运动员中找到。
