Gilinsky Nicole, Hawkins Keely R, Tokar Theresa N, Cooper Jamie A
College of Education, Texas Tech University, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Hospitality, and Retailing, Texas Tech University, USA.
J Sci Med Sport. 2014 May;17(3):300-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.04.014. Epub 2013 May 22.
To examine the relationship between training, anthropometric characteristics, tapering, and time performance for a half-Ironman distance race.
Cross sectional study in triathletes.
Data were obtained for 209 participants (155 males; 54 females) competing in a half-Ironman triathlon. Participants provided information regarding triathlon experience, training, race preparation, and tapering. Participants were divided into three groups based on finish time for analysis.
Males in the fastest group weighed less and had lower body fat percentage compared to males in the slower groups (p ≤ 0.01). Athletes in the fastest group had completed more half-Ironman races and took fewer rest days during training compared to athletes in the slower groups (p<0.01). The average time spent training was 13.9 ± 5.4 h per week, and this did not differ between groups. The faster group of athletes set lower race time goals (p<0.01) and placed greater importance on achieving goal time (p=0.04). Eighty-one percent reported performing a taper with a decrease in training volume of 58.5 ± 34.7% and a decrease in training intensity of 44.9 ± 40.8%. However, there were no differences in taper variables between the three groups. Age, previous best half-Ironman time, goal time, and goal importance predicted 58% of variance in finish time.
The fastest group of triathletes exhibited differences in anthropometrics, race experience, and goal-setting compared to slower athletes. There were no differences in total training hours or tapering between groups. The best predictors of race performance were age, previous best half-Ironman time, goal time, and importance of reaching this goal.
研究半程铁人三项赛的训练、人体测量学特征、减量训练与比赛成绩之间的关系。
对铁人三项运动员进行横断面研究。
收集了209名参加半程铁人三项赛的参与者（155名男性；54名女性）的数据。参与者提供了有关铁人三项赛经验、训练、比赛准备和减量训练的信息。根据完赛时间将参与者分为三组进行分析。
与较慢组的男性相比，最快组的男性体重更轻，体脂百分比更低（p≤0.01）。与较慢组的运动员相比，最快组的运动员完成的半程铁人三项赛更多，训练期间的休息日更少（p<0.01）。平均每周训练时间为13.9±5.4小时，各组之间没有差异。较快组的运动员设定的比赛时间目标更低（p<0.01），并且更重视实现目标时间（p=0.04）。81%的人报告进行了减量训练，训练量减少了58.5±34.7%，训练强度降低了44.9±40.8%。然而，三组之间的减量训练变量没有差异。年龄、之前的半程铁人三项赛最佳成绩、目标时间和目标重要性预测了完赛时间58%的方差。
与较慢的运动员相比，最快组的铁人三项运动员在人体测量学、比赛经验和目标设定方面存在差异。各组之间的总训练时长或减量训练没有差异。比赛成绩的最佳预测因素是年龄、之前的半程铁人三项赛最佳成绩、目标时间以及达到该目标的重要性。
