Priester Gertrude H, Goorhuis-Brouwer Sieneke M
Faculty of Health & Welfare, Speech Therapy, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Sep;77(9):1469-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.06.011. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
The primary aim of our study is to investigate if there is an ordering in the speech sound development of children aged 3-6, similar to the ordering in general language development.
The speech sound development of 1035 children was tested with a revised version of Logo-Articulation Assessment. The data were analyzed with the Mokken Scale Program (MSP) in order to construct scales with satisfactory scalability (H-coefficient) and sufficient reliability (rho).
The majority of children over 4.3 years of age turned out to have mastered most speech sounds. An ordering was only found in the youngest age group (3.8-4.3 years of age), for the sounds of /r/ in initial and final position and /s/ in initial position. This resulted in a set of scales. The scales developed for /r/ (in initial and final position) and /s/ were moderately scalable (H>0.43) and reliable (rho>0.83), and independent of gender. Moreover, we found variation in the judgment of speech sound development, which may perhaps have been due to where exactly the examiner was positioned during the assessment procedure: in front of the child, or sitting beside the child.
We could not detect an ordering for all speech sounds. We only found an ordering for /r/ in initial and final position and /s/ in initial position. In the Mokken analysis we conducted, these scales turned out to be moderately strong and reliable. Our research also underlines that speech sound development is judged not only in an auditory sense, but judgment also depends on the visual interpretation of the listener.
我们研究的主要目的是调查3至6岁儿童的语音发展是否存在一种顺序，类似于一般语言发展中的顺序。
使用修订版的洛戈发音评估测试了1035名儿童的语音发展。为了构建具有令人满意的可扩展性（H系数）和足够可靠性（rho）的量表，使用莫肯量表程序（MSP）对数据进行了分析。
事实证明，大多数4.3岁以上的儿童已经掌握了大多数语音。仅在最年幼的年龄组（3.8至4.3岁）中发现了一种顺序，即词首和词末位置的/r/音以及词首位置的/s/音。这产生了一组量表。为/r/（词首和词末位置）和/s/制定的量表具有中等可扩展性（H>0.43）和可靠性（rho>0.83），并且与性别无关。此外，我们发现语音发展判断存在差异，这可能是由于在评估过程中考官的确切位置所致：在孩子面前，还是坐在孩子旁边。
我们未能检测到所有语音的顺序。我们仅发现了词首和词末位置的/r/音以及词首位置的/s/音的顺序。在我们进行的莫肯分析中，这些量表结果显示出中等强度和可靠性。我们的研究还强调，语音发展不仅是从听觉角度进行判断，而且判断还取决于听众的视觉解读。
