Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, CRIS, EA 647, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 3;8(7):e68687. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068687. Print 2013.
The interaction between language and motor action has been approached by studying the effect of action verbs, kinaesthetic imagery and mental subtraction upon the performance of a complex movement, the squat vertical jump (SVJ). The time of flight gave the value of the height of the SVJ and was measured with an Optojump® and a Myotest® apparatuses. The results obtained by the effects of the cognitive stimuli showed a statistically significant improvement of the SVJ performance after either loudly or silently pronouncing, hearing or reading the verb saute (jump in French language). Action verbs specific for other motor actions (pince = pinch, lèche = lick) or non-specific (bouge = move) showed no or little effect. A meaningless verb for the French subjects (tiáo = jump in Chinese) showed no effect as did rêve (dream), tombe (fall) and stop. The verb gagne (win) improved significantly the SVJ height, as did its antonym perds (lose) suggesting a possible influence of affects in the subjects' performance. The effect of the specific action verb jump upon the heights of SVJ was similar to that obtained after kinaesthetic imagery and after mental subtraction of two digits numbers from three digits ones; possibly, in the latter, because of the intervention of language in calculus. It appears that the effects of the specific action verb jump did seem effective but not totally exclusive for the enhancement of the SVJ performance. The results imply an interaction among language and motor brain areas in the performance of a complex movement resulting in a clear specificity of the corresponding action verb. The effect upon performance may probably be influenced by the subjects' intention, increased attention and emotion produced by cognitive stimuli among which action verbs.
语言与动作的相互作用可以通过研究动作动词、运动意象和心算对复杂动作（垂直纵跳）的影响来研究。飞行时间给出了垂直纵跳的高度值，使用 Optojump® 和 Myotest® 仪器进行测量。认知刺激的影响所获得的结果表明，无论是大声还是默读动词 sauté（法语中的跳跃）、听或读动词 sauté，垂直纵跳的性能都有统计学意义上的显著提高。针对其他运动动作的特定动作动词（pince=捏，lèche=舔）或非特定动作动词（bouge=移动）没有或几乎没有效果。对于法国受试者来说，一个没有意义的动词（tiáo=跳跃，中文）没有效果，像 rêve（梦想）、tombe（跌倒）和 stop（停止）也没有效果。动词 gagne（赢）显著提高了垂直纵跳的高度，其反义词 perds（输）也是如此，这表明情感可能会影响受试者的表现。特定动作动词跳跃对垂直纵跳高度的影响与运动意象和从三位数中减去两位数后的心理减法的影响相似；可能在后一种情况下，由于语言在计算中的干预。似乎特定的动作动词跳跃的效果似乎是有效的，但不是完全排他的，以提高垂直纵跳的性能。这些结果表明，在复杂运动的表现中，语言和运动大脑区域之间存在相互作用，导致相应动作动词的明显特异性。这种效果可能受到受试者意图、认知刺激引起的注意力和情绪的影响，其中包括动作动词。
