Bioethics. 2014 Feb;28(2):49-58. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12038. Epub 2013 Jul 11.
This article examines the, hitherto comparatively unexplored, reception of Greek embryology by medieval Muslim jurists. The article elaborates on the views attributed to Hippocrates (d. ca. 375 BC), which received attention from both Muslim physicians, such as Avicenna (d. 1037), and their Jewish peers living in the Muslim world including Ibn Jumay' (d. ca. 1198) and Moses Maimonides (d. 1204). The religio-ethical implications of these Graeco-Islamic-Jewish embryological views were fathomed out by the two medieval Muslim jurists Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 1285) and Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1350). By putting these medieval religio-ethical discussions into the limelight, the article aims to argue for a two-pronged thesis. Firstly, pre-modern medical ethics did exist in the Islamic tradition and available evidence shows that this field had a multidisciplinary character where the Islamic scriptures and the Graeco-Islamic-Jewish medical legacy were highly intertwined. This information problematizes the postulate claiming that medieval Muslim jurists were hostile to the so-called 'ancient sciences'. Secondly, these medieval religio-ethical discussions remain playing a significant role in shaping the nascent field of contemporary Islamic bioethics. However, examining the exact character and scope of this role still requires further academic ventures.
本文探讨了迄今为止相对未被探索的希腊胚胎学在中世纪穆斯林法学家中的接受情况。本文详细阐述了希波克拉底（公元前约 375 年去世）的观点，这些观点受到了穆斯林医生的关注，如阿维森纳（公元 1037 年去世），以及生活在穆斯林世界的犹太同行，包括伊本·朱迈（公元约 1198 年去世）和摩西·迈蒙尼德（公元 1204 年去世）。这两位中世纪穆斯林法学家 Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī（公元 1285 年去世）和 Ibn al-Qayyim（公元 1350 年去世）探讨了这些希腊-伊斯兰-犹太胚胎学观点的宗教伦理含义。通过将这些中世纪宗教伦理讨论置于聚光灯下，本文旨在提出一个两方面的论点。首先，前现代医学伦理学确实存在于伊斯兰传统中，现有证据表明，这一领域具有多学科性质，伊斯兰教经文和希腊-伊斯兰-犹太医学遗产高度交织。这一信息使中世纪穆斯林法学家对所谓的“古代科学”持敌对态度的假设变得复杂化。其次，这些中世纪宗教伦理讨论仍然在塑造新生的当代伊斯兰生物伦理学领域发挥着重要作用。然而，要确定这种作用的确切性质和范围，仍需要进一步的学术努力。
